中央财政支持农业可持续发展政策演变研究

THE POLICY EVOLUTION OF CENTRAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

关键词:  中央财政 农业可持续发展 政策 创新

Key words:  central finance  agriculture sustainable development  policy evolution  innovation

摘要:

文章探讨了自新中国成立以来我国中央财政支持农业可持续发展政策演变的4个阶段: 改革开放前、改革开放初期、改革开放深化期和城乡统筹背景下。当前我国财政支持农业可持续发展存在问题主要表现在: 财政投入总量不足、投入结构不够合理、投入产出效率较低、财政投入未达到预期效果和投入机制与当前我国全面深化改革和财政收支新形势不适应等方面。因此，政府应该加强财政支持农业可持续发展的政策协调、完善财政支持农业可持续发展的决策机制、创新财政支持农业可持续发展的投融资方式、健全财政支持农业可持续发展的监管体系。总之, 政府以较高效率增加和使用财政支农资金, 这不仅是由农业可持续发展的生态和环境作用及我国农村土地兼具生产资料和社会保障资料属性的公共产品性质决定的, 也是解决我国长期并存的二元城乡结构、统筹城乡发展、促进经济社会和谐发展的必然要求。

Abstract:

The article discussed the policy of the central financial support to agricultural sustainable development since the founding of China. The policy evolution included four development stages, i. e. ,before the reform and opening up, early reform and opening up, deepening the reform and opening period and under the background of urban and rural overall development. The problems of the financial support to agricultural sustainable development in China mainly were: inadequate total financial investment, unreasonable investment structure and the lower investment efficiency, unobvious desired effect, and unbalance between financial input mechanism and fiscal revenue and expenditure in new situation of deepen reform, etc.Therefore, the government should strengthen the financial support policy coordination, perfect the financial support of the sustainable development of agriculture decision - making mechanism, innovate financial support of the sustainable development of agriculture investment and improve the financial support to the regulatory system of the sustainable development of agriculture, etc. Overall, the increase of fiscal funds in supporting agriculture not only played the ecological and environmental effect in the sustainable development of agriculture and the rural land in our country both production data and social security nature of public goods attribute, but also can solve the long period of dualistic urban - rural structure, balance urban and rural development, promote the harmonious development of economy and society.