我国整村授信服务模式研究——以北京、浙江、广东、黑龙江4省市为例

RESEARCH ON THE WHOLE VILLAGE CREDIT SERVICE MODEL IN CHINA——TAKING BEIJING, HEILONGJIANG, ZHEJIANG AND GUANGDONG PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALITIES AS EXAMPLES

关键词:  整村授信  信用体系  信用村  金融服务

Key words:  whole-village credit  credit system construction  credit village  financial services

摘要:

整村授信是我国金融服务供给的一种模式创新，对提高金融服务质量、完善农村信用体系、推动乡村振兴高质量发展都具有重要意义。文章全面总结了北京市、浙江省、广东省和黑龙江省开展整村授信工作的典型案例，梳理整村授信模式的流程及风控做法。研究发现整村授信工作面临顶层设计不足、信息孤岛问题依然存在、信贷风险分担机制尚不完善、农户信用意识不强的问题。整村授信工作应以物理网点和基层服务人员数量为保障，与当地基层政府构建政银合作模式，结合当地民情探索特色农村信用体系，为乡村主导产业与特色产业提供配套产品。在整村授信中，应在贷前与乡村基层治理协同，贷中注意将信用转化为有形资产，并在全流程做好风险管控。建议明确整村授信工作的主管部门和支持协同部门，多方主体协同建设“三农”综合信息库，金融部门与政府部门、保险机构共建风险分担机制，采取多样化措施增强乡村信用主体的信用意识。

Abstract:

Whole-village credit is a model innovation in China's financial service supply, which is of great significance to improving the quality of financial services, perfecting the rural credit system, and promoting the high-quality development of rural revitalization. This article comprehensively summarized the typical facts of whole-village credit-granting work in Beijing, Zhejiang province, Guangdong province and Heilongjiang province, and comprehended the process of whole-village credit-granting mode and the control practice. The results were found as follows. Village credit-granting work faced the problems, such as insufficient top-level design, information silos, the credit risk-sharing mechanism was not yet perfect, and farmers' credit awareness was not strong. So, the whole village credit work should be guaranteed by the number of physical outlets and grassroots service personnel, built a government-bank cooperation model with the local grassroots government, explore the characteristic rural credit system in combination with the local people's conditions, and provide supporting products for the leading and characteristic industries in the villages. In addition, it is necessary to collaborate with the grassroots governance of the village before granting credit, pay attention to transforming credit into tangible assets during the credit process, and do a good job of risk management and control in the whole process in village credit. Therefore, it is recommended that it should clearly define the authorities in charge of village credit-granting work and the supporting and coordinating departments, built a comprehensive information database for the “three rural areas”in coordination with a number of parties, establish a risk-sharing mechanism by the financial sector work, government departments and insurance organizations, and take diversified measures to enhance the credit awareness of rural credit subjects.