| 摘要: |
| 【目的】家庭农场是目前中国大力发展的新型农业生产主体，精准施肥是满足家庭农
场现代化生产管理需求的重要研究方向和技术难点。研究智能手机和移动GIS 技术有助于实
时、准确地对农场的养分进行便捷管理。【方法】智能手机端APP 结合Web 端管理系统成
为实现家庭农场精准施肥的主要技术手段。文章对样本点的土壤养分数据进行Kriging 插值，
进而利用养分平衡法施肥模型对整个地块的土壤数据进行分析，得到精准施肥矢量图并同步
到Web 端，最终指导变量施肥机进行变量精准施肥作业。【结果】（1）整个系统通过移动端
对地块进行管理并获取数据，利用数据管理层同步数据并上传至服务端生成推荐施肥方案，
并导出至移动端和变量施肥机；（2）系统在河南、河北和北京3 个实验基地进行了初步试
验，从信息采集、录入到养分管理、生成施肥方案等过程均验证了系统的实用性；（3）相对
于传统施肥，利用系统的精准施肥方案施氮肥可平均节约纯氮约18 kg/hm2。【结论】系统使
用方式灵活、方便且对使用人员技术要求低，相对于传统管理模式，工作效率有显著提高。
该系统的推广使用可降低化肥使用量，节约成本且可以减少环境压力，对促进农业信息化、
现代化具有重要意义。 |
| 关键词: 移动GIS 精准施肥 农田养分管理 家庭农场 |
| DOI：10.12105/j.issn.1672-0423.20190207 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0300602），国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目（61661136003）；北京市
农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项（KJCX20170423）；湖北大学研究生案例库项目（201608）；湖北大学
研究生教学改革项目（201708）；湖北大学研究生工作站项目（2018） |
|
| Design of precision fertilization system for family farmbased on Mobile GIS |
|
Wang Jiaojiao,Yang Zhong,Yang Xiaodong,Mei Xin※
|
|
1.Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science Hubei University，Wuhan 430062，China;2.Key
Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture P.R.China，Beijing Research
Center for Information Technology in Agriculture，Beijing 100097，China;3.National Engineering Research
Center for Information Technology in Agriculture，Beijing 100089，China;4.Beijing Engineering Research
Center for Agriculture Internet of Things，Beijing 100097，China
|
| Abstract: |
| ［Purpose］Family farm，a new type of agricultural production，is being developed vigorously in China.In this way，precision fertilization becomes an important research direction and technical difficulty to meet the needs of modern production management of family farm. With the development of smart phones and mobile Geographical Science Information（ GIS） technology，it is more convenient to make real-time and accurate management of farm nutrients.［Method］Therefore，the mobile terminal APP combined with the website management system are the main technical means to achieve accurate fertilization on family farms.In this system，the Kriging interpolation is carried out on the soil nutrient data of the sample points，and then the soil data of the whole plot is analyzed by the nutrient balance fertilization model.Afterwards，the precise fertilization vector can be obtained and will be exported to the mobile terminal. Finally，the system can synchronize the fertilization decision to the Web and this would guide the variable fertilizer applicator to carry out the scheme.［Result］（1）The whole system records data through the mobile terminal and manages the land parcel.And then the system uses the data management layer to synchronize the data and upload it to the server in order to generate the recommended fertilization scheme which will be exported to the phone APP and the variable fertilizer applicator；（2）The system carried out preliminary experiments in three experimental
bases in Henan Province，Hebei Province and Beijing，and verified the practicality of the system from information collection，entry to nutrient management，and generation of fertilization programs；（3）Relative to traditional fertilization utilization，the precise fertilization scheme of the system can save an average of about 1.2 kg/mu of pure nitrogen.［Conclusion］Compared with the traditional management system，this system is more flexible，more convenient，more efficiency and requires lower skills for users.In this way，the widespread of this system can reduce chemical fertilizer dosage，save costs and reduce environmental pressure，which is of great significance to promote the informatization and modernization of agricultural. |
| Key words: Mobile GIS precision fertilization farmland nutrient management family farm |
