智能养殖机器人技术与应用进展

Recent advances in intelligent breeding robot technology and application

关键词:  畜禽智慧养殖  畜禽智能养殖机器人  动物福利

Key words:  intelligent breeding of livestock and poultry  livestock and poultry intelligent breeding robot  animal welfare

摘要:

【目的 】 随着人工智能和机器人技术的崛起，畜牧机器人的研究发展迅速。基于国内外相关成果，阐明畜牧机器人研究与发展现状，归纳总结畜牧机器人的应用效果和实际问题，较准确地指明畜牧机器人的未来发展趋势。 【方法 】 文章利用文献梳理法收集国内外大量应用实例和文献资料，重点介绍7类典型机器人，分析梳理已有的畜禽机器人研究成果和实际应用情况，归纳总结畜牧机器人应具备的普遍特点、目前的技术瓶颈和实际应用中的具体要求，并讨论畜牧机器人的现存问题，预测畜牧机器人技术发展方向，为畜牧智能机器人技术的进一步发展提供参考。 【结果 】 国外对畜牧机器人的研究成果多，技术成熟，有一批适应养殖需求的智能机器人产品。我国对畜牧机器人的研究虽然起步较晚但是发展迅速，积极吸纳先进技术，已有许多产品用于商业化推广，但仍存在与生产环节契合度低、设备续航与鲁棒性差、信息利用维度低等问题。 【结论 】 畜牧业的规模化和集约化发展对畜牧机器人提出了更迫切的需求，畜禽机器人可有效提高畜禽养殖过程中的动物福利水平，降低畜牧养殖过程中因饲养环境恶劣、人工劳动强度大带来的经济损失以及存在人畜共患病的风险，未来畜牧机器人将进一步提高其与养殖环节的衔接与适应性、闭环处理决策能力以及自动化水平，朝着无人化、智能化与可持续化方向发展。

Abstract:

Purpose With the rise of artificial intelligence and robotics，investigations on animal husbandry robots have developed rapidly. Based on the achievements of domestic and foreign research，the development of animal husbandry robots was introduced，the application effects and practical problems of animal husbandry robots were summarized，and the future development trend was stated.Method The relevant application examples and textual materials in the world were collected by literature combing. Seven types of typical robots were introduced in detail. The current research results and practical applications of livestock and poultry robots were analyzed. The general characteristics of livestock robots were summarized，and technical bottleneck and specific requirements in practical applications were clarified. The existing problems were discussed and the development direction was predicted，thereby providing guidance for the further development of animal husbandry intelligent robot technology.Result Many fruitful outputs and mature technologies in the field of animal husbandry robots have been reported in foreign studies，and a batch of intelligent robot products that meet the needs of breeding have been developed. Although the domestic research on animal husbandry robots starts later，it develops rapidly and actively，on basis of digestion and absorption of overseas advanced technologies. To date，many products have been commercialized，but there are still some problems to be addressed，such as low compatibility with production links，short equipment life and poor robustness，and low information utilization dimensions.Conclusion The large-scale and intensive development of animal husbandry has put more urgent needs on animal husbandry robots. Animal husbandry robots can effectively improve the level of animal welfare，and reduce the economic loss and disease risk caused by poor breeding environment and high labor intensity. In the future，animal husbandry robots will improve their adaptability with breeding requirements，processing and decision-making capabilities and automation levels，developing towards an unmanned，intelligent and sustainable direction.