作物物候遥感监测研究进展与展望

Progress and prospects of crop phenology remote sensing monitoring research

关键词:  作物物候  遥感  无人机（UAV）  合成孔径雷达（SAR）  物候相机

Key words:  crop phenology  remote sensing  Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）  Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR）  phenological camera

摘要:

【目的】 物候期是农作物重要的生长信息，对作物长势监测、田间管理、物候区划、农作物合理配置、农业决策等具有重要意义。【方法】 文章采用文献综述和总结凝练的方法，回顾了作物物候遥感监测研究进展，首先从数据预处理与物候提取算法两个角度对传统基于光学植被指数时间序列的方法进行了深入探讨；其次对合成孔径雷达、无人机遥感及物候相机等在作物物候监测中的应用进行了介绍；最后对作物物候遥感监测研究进行了展望。【结果】 基于遥感的作物物候监测具有覆盖范围大、探测频率高、受人为主观影响小、成本低等优势而被广泛应用。利用卫星手段获取光学植被指数时间序列并基于此提取作物物候期是目前最常见的监测方法。此外，合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR）、无人机（Unmanned Aerial Vehicle，UAV）遥感、物候相机等观测技术的发展也为作物物候监测提供了更为丰富的监测手段，根据遥感平台的不同可分类为星载观测平台、机载观测平台和近地面观测平台。【结论】 作物物候遥感监测技术的发展有助于为农民和农业管理者提供科学、精准的决策支持，推动农业生产向着更加可持续方向发展。

Abstract:

purpose The phenological period is a crucial growth information for crops. It has significant impliactions for crop growth monitoring，field management，phenological zoning，rational crop allocation，and agricultural decision making.Method Using the methodology of literature review and condensation，this article retrospectively reviewed the progress made in remote sensing monitoring of crop phenology. Firstly，it delved into the traditional approach based on time-series optical vegetation indices，examining both data pre-processing and phenology extraction algorithms. Secondly，it introduced the applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR），Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）remote sensing，and phenocameras in crop phenology monitoring. Finally，it provided an outlook on the research directions that were being pursued in remote sensing monitoring of crop phenology at that time.Result Remote sensing based crop phenology monitoring had been widely applied due to its advantages of large coverage，high detection frequency，minimal human subjectivity，and low cost. The use of satellite-derived optical vegetation index time series and the extraction of crop phenophases based on these indices was the most prevalent monitoring approach at that time. In addition，advancements in observational technologies such as Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR），Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）remote sensing，and phenocameras also enriched the means of crop phenology monitoring. Depending on the remote sensing platform，these methods could be categorized into spaceborne observation platforms，airborne observation platforms，and near-surface observation platforms.Conclusion The development of remote sensing technologies for crop phenology monitoring contributes to providing scientific and accurate decision support for farmers and agricultural managers，thereby promoting a more sustainable direction for agricultural production.