| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 采样点布设是区域土壤调查的重要环节和关键前提。合理布设采样点既能提高土壤调查结果的质量和效率，又可以减少土壤调查费用与工作量。【方法】 文章系统总结了近年来国内外土壤采样点布设方法研究进展，归纳了区域土壤调查采样点布设数量和空间布局方法，分析了现有采样点布设方法中存在的问题。【结果】 （1）土壤调查采样点布设数量或密度的确定方法主要有基于经验或先验知识法、经典统计学法、地统计学法及多种方法集成应用；（2）土壤调查采样点空间布局方法主要有随机法、网格法（系统等距法）、代表性图斑法和分层布样法；（3）尽管国内外在区域土壤调查采样点布设方法研究和实践方面取得了长足进步，但对不同土地利用类型的采样点最优布设密度和空间布局尚不明确，对采样点的布设效果（代表性、全面性、实用性）缺乏科学评价。【结论】 采样点布设研究未来应重点构建时空数字土壤，探索适用于不同土地利用类型的采样点布设方法，构建采样点布设方法评价指标体系和智能布设决策。 |
| 关键词: 土壤调查 采样点布设 样点数量 布点密度 样点空间布局 |
| DOI：10.12105/j.issn.1672-0423.20240606 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重大任务前期研究支撑“采样点布设对县域土壤属性制图精度的影响研究”（1610132023016） |
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| Research progress of sampling point layouts for regional soil survey |
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Zhang Zigang, Wang Di, Li Weiqi, Wang Xisen, Wu Wenbin, Qian Jianping
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State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Purpose］ Rational sampling design is a critical requirement for regional soil survey. Optimized spatial allocation of sampling points can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of survey outcomes while reducing operational costs and workload. This study aims to systematically address key technical challenges in sampling point configuration.［Method］ This paper systematically summarised the research progress of soil sampling point layout methods at home and abroad in recent years，summarised the number and spatial layout methods of regional soil survey sampling points，and analysed the problems of existing sampling point layout methods.［Result］ （1）The methods for determining the number or density of soil survey sampling points were mainly based on experience or prior knowledge，classical statistics，geostatistics and the integrated application of various methods；（2）The spatial layout methods of soil sampling points mainly included the random method，the grid method（system isometric method），the representative map spot method and the layered distribution method；（3）Although considerable progress had been made in the research and practice of regional soil survey sampling site layout methods at home and abroad，the optimal density and spatial layout of sampling sites in different land use types were still unclear，and the effect of sampling site layout（representativeness，comprehensiveness and practicability）was lacking in scientific evaluation.［Conclusion］ In the future，emphasis should be placed on the construction of spatio-temporal digital soil，the exploration of sampling site layout methods suitable for different land use types and the construction of an evaluation index system of sampling site layout methods and intelligent decision making. |
| Key words: soil survey sampling point layout sample point number sampling density spatial layout of sampling points |
