面向区域土壤调查的采样点布设方法研究进展

Research Progress of Sampling Point Layouts for Regional Soil Survey

关键词:  土壤调查  采样点布设  样点数量  布点密度  样点空间布局

Key words:  soil survey  sampling point layout  sample point number  sampling density  spatial layout of sampling points

摘要:

【目的】采样点布设是区域土壤调查的重要环节和关键前提。合理布设采样点既能提高土壤调查结果的质量和效率，又可以减少土壤调查费用与工作量。采样点布设方法包括样点数量和空间布局两个基础要素。【方法】本文系统总结了近年来国内外在土壤采样点布设方法方面的研究进展，归纳了区域土壤调查采样点布设数量和空间布局方法，分析了现有采样点布设方法中存在的问题。【结果】（1）土壤调查采样点布设数量或密度的确定方法主要有基于经验或先验知识法、经典统计学法、地统计学法及多种方法集成应用；（2）土壤查采样点空间布局方法主要有随机法、网格法（系统等距法）、代表性图斑法和分层布样法；（3）尽管国内外在区域土壤调查采样点布设方法研究和实践方面取得了长足进步，但对不同土地利用类型的采样点最优布设密度和空间布局尚不明确，对采样点的布设效果（代表性、全面性、实用性）缺乏科学评价。【结论】本文分析了现有土壤调查采样点布设方法以及存在不同土地利用类型适用性低和评价体系缺失的问题，并提出了构建时空数字土壤、探索适用于不同土地利用类型的采样点布设方法以及构建采样点布设方法评价指标体系和智能决策的未来发展趋势，旨在为区域土壤调查采样点布设提供参考。

Abstract:

[Purpose] The layout of sampling points is an important link and key premise of regional soil survey. Reasonable arrangement of sampling points can not only improve the quality and efficiency of soil survey results, but also reduce the cost and workload of soil survey. The sampling point layout method includes two basic elements: the number of sampling points and the spatial layout. [Method] This paper systematically summarized the research progress of soil sampling point layout methods at home and abroad in recent years, summarizes the number and spatial layout methods of regional soil survey sampling points, and analyzes the problems existing in the existing sampling point layout methods. [Result] (1) The methods of determining the number or density of soil survey sampling points are mainly based on experience or prior knowledge, classical statistics, geostatistics and integrated application of various methods; (2) The spatial layout methods of soil sampling points mainly include random method, grid method (system isometric method), representative map spot method and layered distribution method; (3) Although considerable progress has been made in the research and practice of regional soil survey sampling site layout methods at home and abroad, the optimal density and spatial layout of sampling sites in different land use types are still unclear, and the effect of sampling site layout (representativeness, comprehensiveness and practicability) is lacking in scientific evaluation. [Conclusion] This paper analyzed the existing sampling site layout methods of soil survey and the problems of low applicability of different landscape patterns and lack of evaluation system, and puts forward the future development trend of constructing spatio-temporal digital soil, exploring sampling site layout methods suitable for land use types, and constructing evaluation index system of sampling site layout methods and intelligent decision-making. The aim is to provide reference for the layout of sampling points for regional soil survey.