遗传资源数字序列信息惠益分享机制研究

Research on the Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Mechanism for Digital Sequence Information of Genetic Resources

关键词:  遗传资源  数字序列信息  惠益分享机制

Key words:  genetic resources  digital sequence information (DSI)  access and benefit-sharing (ABS) mechanism

摘要:

【目的】作为生物技术创新与全球生物多样性治理的核心要素,遗传资源数字序列信息(DSI)的开放共享与公平分配机制对推动全球可持续发展具有不可替代的作用。【方法】本文从分析DSI的公共数据属性与惠益分享属性入手,界定了如收集、储存、使用等诸多与惠益分享相关的行为的惠益分享的应然逻辑,对当前由全球治理框架下的多边协同机制与本土规制层面的惠益分配机制并行治理的实践进行总结、剖析,梳理出DSI在国际适用、来源追溯、使用监测、惠益分配价值判断以及多边机制下全球基金运作等方面存在的困境,最后提出相关建议。【结果】需建立DSI可追溯机制,构建监管与价值评估机制,积极参与全球多边惠益分享机制建设并完善双边惠益分享机制,以纾解规范冲突,实现生物多样性保护与数据正义的双重价值平衡.【结论】该研究以期在全球生物技术革命背景下的遗传资源数字序列信息的惠益分享国际规则构建中探索建立公平、合理、有效的 DSI 治理的有效路径提供理论支撑,同时也为我国生物多样性保护与可持续资源利用提供经验借鉴。

Abstract:

[Purpose]As a core element of biotechnological innovation and global biodiversity governance, the open sharing and Fair Distribution of Digital Sequence Information (DSI) on genetic resources play an irreplaceable role in promoting global sustainable development.[Method] This study begins by analyzing the public data attributes and benefit-sharing characteristics of DSI to define and examine various activities related to benefit-sharing—such as the collection, storage, and utilization of DSI—along with their theoretical foundations. Drawing on the interaction of multilateral cooperation mechanisms within the global governance framework and benefit-sharing mechanisms at the domestic regulatory level, the study identifies the main challenges in terms of international applicability, source traceability, usage monitoring, value assessment for benefit-sharing, and the operation of global funds under multilateral frameworks. [Result] To address these challenges, the study proposes establishing a traceability mechanism for DSI, constructing regulatory and value assessment frameworks, actively participating in the development of global multilateral benefit-sharing mechanisms, and improving bilateral benefit-sharing arrangements. These efforts aim to mitigate normative conflicts and strike a balance between biodiversity conservation and data justice.[Conclusion]This research provides theoretical support for the development of fair, reasonable, and effective DSI governance frameworks in the context of the global biotechnology revolution. It also provides valuable insights for China's efforts in biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource utilization. （把关作者信息：杨启帆，欧盟玛丽居里ITN?早期研究员（LeADS项目），意大利比萨圣安娜高等研究院Lider实验室博士生研究员，意大利国家人工智能项目博士研究生；联系地址：Laboratorio Interdisciplinare Diritti e Regole (LIDER-Lab), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa ITALIA；Email：[e-mail]。）