基于养分专家系统的水稻推荐施肥及经济效益分析

Recommended fertilization and economic benefit analysis of rice based on nutrient expert system

关键词:  养分专家系统  水稻  产量  养分吸收率  经济效益

Key words:  nutrient expert system  rice  yield  nutrient uptake rate  economic benefits

摘要:

【目的】 研究基于产量反应和农学效率的养分专家系统推荐施肥方法（Nutrient Expert System，NE）在水稻生产中的应用效果，为水稻高产稳产、保障粮食安全提供支撑。【方法】 文章通过设置养分专家系统推荐施肥（NE），测土配方施肥（ST）及农民习惯施肥（FP）的田间小区试验。通过分析水稻产量、植株养分积累量、养分吸收情况、偏生产力以及经济效益，进而明确NE推荐施肥措施的应用效果，在此基础上评估NE系统在湖北中稻上应用的可行性。【结果】 NE处理显著提高水稻产量7.9%，增加籽粒与秸秆养分积累，稳定促进氮吸收，提升肥料偏生产力，NE较ST大幅提高钾肥偏生产力59.7 kg/kg，并降低肥料成本，产投比达10.7，在降低肥料投入的同时取得更高的经济效益，因此在湖北中稻生产中的应用具备可行性。【结论】 NE处理在保证作物产量的同时，提高了水稻的养分吸收效率和经济效益。

Abstract:

[Purpose] This study investigates the effectiveness of fertilizer application methods recommended by the nutrient expert system （NE）—which is based on yield response and agronomic efficiency—in rice production，with the aim of supporting stable and high rice yields and ensuring food security.[Method] This study conducted field experiments on nutrient expert system - recommended fertilization （NE），soil testing and formula fertilization （ST），and farmer practice fertilization（FP）to analyze rice yield，plant nutrient accumulation，nutrient absorption，partial productivity and economic benefits. On this basis，the feasibility of the NE system for Hubei rice was evaluated.[Result] The NE treatment significantly increased rice yield by 7.9%，enhanced nutrient accumulation in grains and straw，stabilized nitrogen absorption，and improved fertilizer productivity. Compared to ST，NE treatment significantly increased potassium fertilizer productivity by 59.7 kg/kg，and reduced fertilizer costs，achieving a yield-to-input ratio of 10.7. This approach not only reduces fertilizer input but also improves economic efficiency. It was feasible to decrease fertilizer input and attain higher economic benefits in the production of middle-season rice in Hubei Province.[Conclusion] The NE treatment not only ensures the rice yield but also improves the nutrient absorption efficiency and economic benefits.