基于多源遥感与GIS的广东县域经济时空演变分析

Spatial and Temporal Evolution Analysis of Guangdong County Economy Based on Remote Sensing Geographic Information Technology

关键词:  县域经济  多源遥感  空间分析  夜间灯光

Key words:  County Economy  Multi-source Remote Sensing  Spatial Analysis  Night Light

摘要:

【目的】县域经济监测是研判区域发展、评估政策成效的关键手段。传统人工统计上报模式时效差、成本高且易受人为主观影响，而多源遥感数据可客观、低成本地表征区域经济、土地与生态综合发展状态。结合广东区域发展失衡、县域差距突出的现实，借助遥感技术量化2018—2023年县域发展分异规律，为差异化高质量发展提供决策支撑。【方法】文章以广东57个县（市）为研究样本，选取乡村振兴战略启动的2018年与实施五年后的2023年，依托RS&GIS提取夜间灯光、建设用地占比、森林覆盖率3类遥感指标，运用熵权法赋权构建县域经济遥感综合评价体系，解析县域发展时空演变特征。【结果】2018—2023年广东县域经济总体持续提升，但区域分异特征突出。（1）夜间灯光方面,全省57个县（市）夜间灯光指数均值增幅达52.92%，西翼增幅最高（83.93%），北部生态区最低（44.4%）。（2）建设用地方面，全省建设用地面积增长28%，西翼增幅最大（31.77%），东翼最低（15.33%），乐昌市增幅达49.67%为全省最高，揭西县仅4.2%为全省最低。（3）森林覆盖率方面，全省森林覆盖率微降0.06%，26个县（市）减少、31个增加，东翼增幅5.13%为最高，西翼下降3.38%。（4）综合得分方面，西翼领跑全省（均值0.605）但存在土地粗放扩张与生态退化问题；东翼与珠三角均值接近（0.441、0.436），东翼生态协同良好、珠三角整体均衡但肇庆西北4县滞后；北部生态区最低（0.345）且内部分化严重。主体功能区中，重点开发区（0.533）发展质量最优，农产品主产区（0.458）内部差异最大，重点生态功能区（0.329）短板显著。【结论】广东县域经济存在区域发展失衡、土地利用粗放、经济生态发展不协调等问题。需严控粤西县域建设用地无序扩张、推动土地集约利用，完善北部生态区特色产业基础设施配套，强化珠三角滞后县域交通联动与产业承接能力。

Abstract:

［Purpose］Countylevel economic monitoring serves as a critical tool for judging regional development and evaluating policy effectiveness. Traditional manual statistical reporting suffers from low timeliness, high costs and susceptibility to humaninduced subjective biases. Multisource remotesensing data can objectively and costeffectively characterize the integrated development status of regional economy, land use and ecology. Given the prominent regional imbalance and countylevel disparities in Guangdong Province, this study adopts remotesensing techniques to quantify the differentiation patterns of countylevel development from 2018 to 2023, so as to provide decisionmaking support for differentiated highquality development.［Method］Taking 57 counties (cities) in Guangdong as research samples, this study selected 2018 (the launch year of the Rural Revitalization Strategy) and 2023 (five years after its implementation). Three remotesensing indicators including nighttime light, construction land proportion and forest coverage rate were extracted via RS & GIS. The entropyweight method was applied to assign weights and construct a remotesensingbased comprehensive evaluation system for countylevel economy, so as to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of countylevel development.［Result］ The overall countylevel economy of Guangdong kept improving from 2018 to 2023, while remarkable regional differentiation existed. (1) For nighttime light, the average nighttime light index of the 57 counties (cities) increased by 52.92%. The western wing registered the highest growth rate (83.93%), whereas the northern ecological zone had the lowest rate (44.4%). (2) For construction land, the provincialwide construction land area rose by 28%. The western wing achieved the largest increment (31.77%) and the eastern wing the lowest (15.33%). Lechang City recorded the provincial maximum growth rate of 49.67%, while Jiexi County had the minimum of merely 4.2%. (3) For forest coverage rate, the provincial average experienced a slight decline of 0.06%, with 26 counties (cities) showing a decrease and 31 an increase. The eastern wing obtained the highest growth rate of 5.13%, and the western wing witnessed a decline of 3.38%. (4) In terms of comprehensive scores, the western wing took the lead across the province (mean value?0.605), yet confronted extensive land expansion and ecological degradation. The eastern wing and the Pearl River Delta had close mean values (0.441 and 0.436 respectively). The eastern wing achieved favorable economyecology coordination; the Pearl River Delta maintained overall balance, though four northwestern counties of Zhaoqing lagged behind. The northern ecological zone recorded the lowest mean score (0.345) with severe internal divergence. Among major functional zones, key development zones exhibited the best development quality (0.533); main agricultural product producing zones presented the largest internal disparities (0.458); and key ecological function zones had prominent development shortcomings (0.329). ［Conclusion］Countylevel economy in Guangdong is confronted with problems including unbalanced regional development, extensive land use, and disharmony between economic growth and ecological conservation. It is necessary to strictly curb disorderly expansion of construction land in western Guangdong counties and promote intensive land use, improve infrastructure for characteristic industries in the northern ecological zone, and strengthen transportation connectivity and industrial undertaking capacity of underdeveloped counties within the Pearl River Delta.