共同富裕视域下防止农民返贫的影响因素研究 ——基于扎根理论的探索性分析

Research on the Influencing Factors of Preventing Farmers' Return to Poverty from the Perspective of Common Prosperity ——An Exploratory Analysis Based on Grounded Theory

关键词:  共同富裕  防止返贫  影响因素  扎根理论

Key words:  common prosperity  preventing return to poverty  influencing factors  grounded theory

摘要:

【目的】防止农民返贫是巩固脱贫攻坚成果、扎实推进共同富裕的关键环节。在绝对贫困问题历史性解决后，相对贫困与返贫风险依然突出，而现有研究多从政策设计、家庭禀赋、个体能力与政府行为等单一维度展开，缺乏对个人、社会与政府多因素交互作用的质性探索。为此，文章在共同富裕视域下，深入识别防止农民返贫的核心影响因素，揭示其内在逻辑与协同机制，为构建常态化防返贫监测与帮扶体系提供参考思路。【方法】采用程序化扎根理论，选取燕山—太行山典型脱贫县—河北省承德市兴隆县作为研究区域，对13名脱贫农户、5名村干部及5名政府工作人员进行半结构化深度访谈，并辅以政策文本、政府公开资料等二手数据。运用Nvivo15工具对访谈资料和政策文本进行开放式编码、主轴编码与选择性编码三级分析，并通过理论饱和度检验确保模型稳定性。【结果】研究提炼出29个初始范畴，12个主范畴，归纳为“个人—社会—政府”三个维度。其中，个人层面的基础韧性构成防返贫的第一道防线；社会层面的保障韧性为个人韧性提供外部资源与催化条件；政府层面的规范韧性通过制度供给弥补前两者的不足。三者依次递进、相互支撑，共同构建“基础—保障—规范”的协同治理机制。【结论】防止农民返贫是一个需要个人内在韧性、社会系统韧性与政府制度韧性协同运作的治理过程，应夯实农民内生发展能力，强化社会公共服务保障，完善政府风险监测与政策供给体系，形成三方良性循环，从而为防止农民返贫、推进共同富裕提供坚实依托。

Abstract:

[Purpose] Preventing farmers from returning to poverty is a key link in consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively promoting common prosperity. After the historic resolution of absolute poverty, relative poverty and the risk of returning to poverty remain prominent. Existing studies mostly focus on single dimensions such as policy design, household endowment, individual capability, or government behavior, lacking qualitative exploration of the interactive effects among individual, social, and governmental factors. Therefore, from the perspective of common prosperity, this paper aims to identify the core influencing factors of preventing farmers' return to poverty, reveal their internal logic and synergistic mechanism, and provide reference ideas for constructing a normalized monitoring and assistance system for return-to-poverty prevention. [Method] Using procedural grounded theory, the study selected Xinglong County, Chengde City, Hebei Province—a typical poverty-alleviated county in the Yan Mountains–Taihang Mountains area—as the research site. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 poverty-alleviated farmers, 5 village cadres, and 5 government staff members, supplemented by secondary data such as policy texts and publicly available government documents. NVivo 15 software was used to perform open coding, axial coding, and selective coding on the interview data and policy texts, and theoretical saturation was tested to ensure model stability. [Result] The study extracted 29 initial categories and 12 main categories, which were summarized into three dimensions: “individual–society–government”. Among them, the basic resilience at the individual level constitutes the first line of defense against return to poverty; the guaranteeing resilience at the social level provides external resources and catalytic conditions for individual resilience; and the normative resilience at the governmental level compensates for the deficiencies of the previous two through institutional supply. The three dimensions progress sequentially and support each other, jointly constructing a “foundation–guarantee–norm” collaborative governance mechanism. [Conclusion] Preventing farmers' return to poverty is a governance process that requires the coordinated operation of individual internal resilience, social system resilience, and governmental institutional resilience. It is necessary to consolidate farmers' endogenous development capabilities, strengthen social public service guarantees, improve the government’s risk monitoring and policy supply system, and form a virtuous cycle among the three parties, thereby providing a solid foundation for preventing farmers' return to poverty and advancing common prosperity.