环首都贫困区土地利用变化对生态 系统的影响及驱动因素分析  ———以河北涞水县为例

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF LAND USE CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM AND DRIVING FORCES IN POVERTY-STRICKEN AREAS CENTRAL CAPITAL ———TAKING LAISHUI COUNTY AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  土地利用变化 生态系统服务价值 环首都贫困区 涞水县

Key words:  land use change  ecosystem service value  driving forces  poverty-stricken areas central capital  Laishui county

摘要:

由土地利用变化导致的生态系统服务价值的变化可以作为一个反映土地利用变化环境效应的重要 量化指标。该文参考谢高地等人提出的单位面积生态服务价值系数，对涞水县2001～2010年的土地利用变 化及其对生态系统的影响和驱动因素进行了分析研究。结果表明，2001～2007年和2007～2010年土地利用 类型变化差异较大。2001～2007年，耕地面积有大幅减少，林地、草地面积大幅增加，2007～2010年，耕 地、草地、居民点及工矿用地面积增加明显，园地、林地、滩涂和裸地减少;2007～2010年的土地利用变 化率明显高于2001～2007年;由于林地、滩涂面积的减少和居民点及工矿用地面积的增加，使得整个研究 期生态系统服务价值净减少4 024.47万元;整个研究期间内各项生态系统服务功能都出现不同程度的衰 退。农用地和非农用地经济生态位在研究期内呈波动变化，导致其两者的差值也呈波动变化。驱动因素分 析表明，前期政策因素影响较大，后期社会经济指标对生态系统起负向作用。由于该区特殊的地理位置和 相对薄弱的经济基础，该区域迫切需要处理好经济发展与生态环境的关系，提高土地利用集约度，合理调 整产业结构，进一步完善生态补偿机制等以实现区域生态建设与经济发展互促双赢。

Abstract:

Changes in the value of ecosystem services caused by land use change may be used as important quanti- tative indicators to reflect the environmental effects of land use change. Based on the data of land use in 2001， 2007 and 2010， the paper studied land use changes and their effects on the ecosystem services value of the poverty -stricken areas surrounding the Capital—Hebei Laishui County by using value coefficient of ecosystem services. Results showed that the types of land use changed quite differently between the period of 2001～2007 and 2007～ 2010. Farmland area reduced significantly， woodland and grassland area increased substantially from 2001 to 2007. However， farmland， grassland， residential and industrial land area increased significantly， garden， wood- land， tidal flats and bare land reduced from 2007 to 2010. The rate of land use change in the period of 2007～2010 is significantly higher than that of the period of 2001～2007. With the decrease of the area of woodland and tidal flats， and the increase of residential and industrial land， the ecosystem service value decreased 40，244，700 yuan during the entire study period， and all kinds of ecosystem functions declined in some extents. As to the driv- ing forces， policy factors were remarkable in the prophase， while socio-economic indicators played a negative role on the ecosystem in the latter part of the study period. Due to the specific geographical location and the weak foun- dation of economy， it was necessary to coordinate the relationship between economic development and ecological en- vironment， strengthen land use intensity， rationally adjust the industrial structure and improve the ecological com- pensation mechanism for achieving the regional ecological construction and economic development.