我国农业剩余劳动力资源流动不足现状分析 ———基于交易成本理论视角

ANALYSIS OF THE INADEQUACY OF THE FLOW OF SURPLUS AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE RESOURCES ———BASED ON TRANSACTION COST THEORY PERSPECTIVE

关键词:  劳动力转移 农业剩余劳动力 交易成本理论 中国

Key words:  labor transfer  surplus agricultural labor force  transaction cost  China

摘要:

近些年“民工荒”现象在我国愈演愈烈，特别是在经济发达省份大量的企业员工短缺。随着一轮 又一轮的“加薪潮”，劳动力短缺的现象仍然不见明显缓解。通过交易成本理论不难看出，农业剩余劳动 力转移的不足很大程度上源于劳动力市场交易成本的逐年提升。由于非农劳动力市场交易成本的增加使得 非农劳动的纯收益过低，与此同时，农业劳动收益相对提升，这使得越来越多的农民选择在家从事农业劳 动。只有有效的降低劳动力市场的交易成本，提高农业剩余劳动力从事非农劳动的纯收益，才能有效地保 证农业剩余劳动力的正常流动，从而实现我国经济的平稳持续增长。

Abstract:

“Shortage of migrant workers” phenomenon is getting intensified in China. Especially in the economi- cally developed provinces， a large number of enterprises are short of employees in recent years. With another round of”pay wave”， the labor force shortage wouldn't be still alleviated. Based on the transaction cost theory， the lack of transfer of surplus agricultural labor is largely due to the increase of labor market transaction costs year by year. The increase in non-farm labor market transaction costs makes net income of the non-farm labor be too low. At the same time the increase of agricultural labor income makes more and more farmers choose working in agriculture at home. Only effectively reducing the transaction costs of the labor market， and improving the net income of sur- plus agricultural labor force engaged in non-farm labor could effectively ensure the normal flow of surplus agricul- tural labor force and achieve stable and sustained growth of China's economy.