农村新型社区建设的可行性评价方法和规划体系

FEASIBILITY EVALUATION METHODS AND PLANNING SYSTEM OF BUILDING NEW RURAL COMMUNITIES

关键词:  农村新型社区 建设模式 可行性分析 规划体系

Key words:  new rural communities  building mode  feasibility analysis  planning system

摘要:

建设农村新型社区，是新形势下打破城乡二元结构、改善农村环境、提高农地使用效率和农民收入的重要途径，它不仅仅是改变农民的居住方式，更是农民生活方式和就业形式的重大变革。这种深层次的变革需要一定的土地自然条件和社会经济条件的支撑。农村新型社区建设是一项系统工程，这项工作的开展需要可行性论证分析以及各级规划的约束。在分析建设流程的基础上，构建多指标分析模型，讨论农村新型社区建设可行性分析方法，分析指标包括土地自然条件、农地经营制度改革、农民搬迁意愿、新型社区建设模式等内容，指标权重用Delphi和AHP相结合的方法确定，指出BOM模式是一种较好的农村社区建设组织模式。提出农村新型社区规划体系包括传统文化和历史建筑保护规划、空间布局规划、详细规划和农村旧址复垦规划等多个层面的规划，并讨论各个规划阶段的主要内容。

Abstract:

Changing farmers' traditional sporadic living style by building new rural communities is an important way to improve the farmland use efficiency, the rural environment and the quality of farmers' life. At the same time, it is an important way to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. It changes not only the farmers' living style, but also their life and employment. The deep reform needs the support of the local natural conditions and socio-economic circumstances. Building a new type of rural community is a systematic project, which needs to be demonstrated and feasibility analyzed, and be constrained by planning system in all levels. Based on analyzing and summarizing the procedure of building new rural communities, the feasibility analysis model with multi-indicators was constructed. The indicators included the land conditions, the farmland management reform, farmers' attitudes to relocation, proposed model of building new rural communities, farmers' burden and other factors. The weight of each indicator can be determined with the method of Delphi or Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The BOM model, which can benefit for farmers, governments and other participants, was a great construction model for its broad applicability. Finally, this paper put forward the new rural community planning system which included traditional culture and historical building protection planning, space layout planning and detailed planning and the planning of rural site reclamation planning, and so on. It discussed the main content in each planning stage.