江苏省农村地表水功能区水环境单因子指标评价与空间分析

INDEX EVALUATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON RURAL SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

关键词:  江苏省 农村地表水 水环境 单因子评价 空间自相关

Key words:  Jiangsuprovince  ruralsurfacewater  waterenvironment  single-factorevaluation  spatialau-tocor elation

摘要:

地表水环境质量是影响区域生态安全和人民生活的重要因素。该文以江苏省为研究区域，针对氨氮单因子指标，采取野外调查和相关文献资料分析相结合的方法，并利用GIS及空间自相关分析方法,探讨了江苏省农村水功能区氨氮指标的空间特征.结果表明:(1)苏北地区水体的氨氮浓度整体低于其他地区,苏南地区水体的氨氮污染较为严重。(2)调查水体中氨氮含量秋季低于春季。（3）氨氮指标具有显著的空间聚集分布，形成了以无锡为主的显著高高区域和以徐州为主的显著低低区域。建议通过提高对工业企业氨氮的排放标，准督促企业进行深度治理，实现稳定的达标排放；根据流域水质的情况，分期分批在城市污水处理厂增加脱磷除氮的功能；对集中式规模化的畜禽养殖场进行污染的治理；推广测土施肥的方法,减少农业的化肥使用量以控制氨氮水环境污染。

Abstract:

Surface water quality makes great influence on both regional ecological safety and people living. The paper assesed spatial distribution features of ammonia nitrogen of rural surface water in Jiangsu province,based on the experimental data and investigated data,and the method of GIS spatial autocorrelation analysis.The results showed that:(1)the content of ammonia nitrogen in the north Jiangsu was lower than other areas,while the pollution of ammonia nitrogen in the south Jiangsu was serious.(2)The content of ammonia nitrogen in investigating water had decreased in autumn.(3)Ammonia nitrogen had re-markable spatial clustering features in Wuxi and Xuzhou city.It put forward some countermeasures inclu-ding improving the ammonia emission standards for industrial enterprises,increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus removal function in the city sewage treatment plant according to the water quality situation, controlling the pollution of the scale of centralized livestock and poultry farms,and popularizing the method of soil testing Fertilization promotion to reduce fertilizer use in agriculture and control ammonia nitrogen pollution of water environment.