浅析无因管理制度规则对森林生态效益 补偿制度设计的借鉴意义

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANT INFLUENCE OF NEGOTIORUM GESTIO ON THE FOREST ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION SYSTEM

关键词:  无因管理 森林生态效益 外部性 补偿标准

Key words:  Negotiorum Gestio  forest ecological benifits  externality  compensation

摘要:

随着我国森林生态问题的日趋严重，建立科学合理以及清晰充分的森林生态效益补偿制度是急切 和必要的。构建合理的补偿机制除了需要确立明晰的产权外，解决公共物品面临的外部性难题也极为重 要。通过制定规定符合各方期待和利益的补偿制度，政府可以将外部问题内部化，从而在一定程度上解决 问题。但是我国现行的补偿制度存在补偿标准过于单一和绝对，补偿内容模糊、补偿项目混杂不清等一系 列问题。民法上有关无因管理的规定能够为森林生态补偿的制度设计提供积极的借鉴和参考，无因管理制 度可以在管理产生的费用、所负债务和所受损害等几个方面的费用要求被管理人返还，这些项目可以构成 生态补偿金的具体费用项目。文章通过对两个制度进行详细对比并通过对地方数据资料综合分析的方法， 进行实证的分析，并结合价值和规范分析的方法，发现民法上无因管理制度的相关法律规定也可以成为森 林生态效益补偿制度规则制定的参考和依据，通过引入这一制度能够在一定程度上解决现行的补偿制度存 在的补偿数额确定过程中的问题，从而为政策和法规的制定提供有益参考。

Abstract:

Nowadays， with the serious deterioration in the forest ecology in China， it is urgency and necessary to establish a rational and clear forest ecological compensation system， which needs not only a clear system of property rights， but also a clear and strict standard of compensation items. To handle with the externality problems of the public goods， provisions should been made to meet the interests of each parties. Government can help solve this problem by establishing a good compensation system. However， the current compensation system have some prob- lems such as inadequate standard， ambiguous contents， and unclear compensation items.”Negotiorum Gestio” regulated by the civil law may provide a positive reference for the improvement of compensation system. Negotiorum Gestio can ask for the debtor to refund the costs generated during the process of management， debts and other dam- ages from beneficiaries， these items may construct a part of forest ecological compensation system. Comparing the rules of Negotiorum Gestio with those of forest ecological compensation system， and using local data comprehensive analysis and empirical analysis methods， this paper found that the Negotiorum Gestio could help establish a more clear and specific forest ecological compensation system. The introduction of the Negotiorum Gestio can solve the problems in determining the compensation amounts in the current compensation system， and serve for the formula- tion of policies and regulations.