山东棉花生产布局的“双穷”特征和扶贫开发设想

”DOUBLE-POVERTY”CHARACTERISTICS IN SHANDONG COTTON PRODUCTION LAYOUT AND DEVELOPMENT VISION OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION

关键词:  棉花 布局特征 扶贫开发 比较收益 山东省

Key words:  cotton  layout characteristics  poverty alleviation development  comparative income  Shandong province

摘要:

山东省是棉花生产加工大省，棉花种植面积和产量均占全国15%，仅次于新疆。经过近30年的 变迁，山东省三大棉花主产区的地位发生了根本性变化。与此同时，棉农的种棉积极性受挫，棉花产量和 质量逐年降低。该文首先运用对比观察法和实地调研法，提出了山东省棉花生产布局的“双穷”特征，即 宏观上多分布于“穷地方”，微观上多集中于“穷人家”;然后运用协整分析法，证明了棉花种植面积与粮 棉比较收益之间存在长期趋势的一致性，继而得出比较收益是影响山东省棉花的空间分布特征和时间变化 趋势的重要因素。由于市场价格机制无法很好调节山东棉花主产区所呈现的“双穷”特征，在分析了比较 利益不合理的因素后，该文从政府扶贫开发的角度阐述了提高棉农收益、摆脱贫穷现状的路径设想，指出 政府的政策扶贫、科技扶贫和专项扶贫，是振兴棉花产业，解决棉区贫困的有效出路。

Abstract:

Shandong is a major cotton producing and processing province，whose cotton cultivation area and pro- duction both account for about 15% of the national level，only behind Xinjiang. After nearly 30 years changes， the status of the three main cotton producing areas in Shandong province has undergone a fundamental change. At the same time，cotton farmers' initiative in planting cotton was frustrated，yield and quality of cotton reduced year by year. Using methods of contrast observation and site investigation，the article firstly proposed”double-pover- ty”characteristics in Shandong cotton production layout，namely the macro level distributed in”poor place”and the micro level distributed in the”poor people”.Then cointegration analysis was used to prove if there was a co- integration relationship between cotton acreage and comparative income in long-term trend，and the comparative income was a important factor to derive cotton distribution characteristics and temporal trends in Shandong. Because the market price mechanism could not adjust the”double-poverty”feature of cotton producing areas in Shan- dong， after the analysis of the irrational factors in comparative income，the article expounded the paths and visions to improve the farmers' income and help get out of poverty situation from the perspective of government's poverty al- leviation and development， and then pointed out that the government's poverty-stricken measures in policy，sci- ence and technology，and special field，were effective ways to revive the cotton industry and solve poverty problem in cotton area.