闽东气候变化与芒果生长分析

ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE GROWTH OF MANGO IN NORTHEASTERN FUJIAN PROVINCE

关键词:  闽东 气候变化 芒果 生长分析

Key words:  MinDong  climate change  mango  the growth analysis

摘要:

气候变化对福建省水果种植区划布局发生了很大的影响，许多热带水果种植区发生了不同程度的 北移。该文收集1961～2010年闽东沿海县市年代际气候统计资料，结合芒果生长所需气象条件，主要对闽 东气候变化及其对芒果生长影响进行分析。结果表明:受气候变暖影响，闽东沿海县市热量条件改善，20 世纪90年代以后，年均气温平均已达19.3～20.1℃，超过了福建芒果年均生长下限温度19.3℃;≥10℃ 年均积温为6 696～6 923℃，超过了6 500℃芒果适宜生长所需年均积温底限指标，冬季（12～2月）气温 除福鼎市外，其余闽东沿海3县冬季平均温度≥11℃，平均年极端最低气温≤-2.5℃年数和发生概率明显 减少，达到芒果忍耐年极端最低气温为-2.5℃的标准。年降水量≥1 400mm和年日照时数≥1 500小时， 分别达到了福建芒果所需年降水量（995.4～1 678.2mm）和日照时数（995.4～2 465.4小时）条件要求。 闽东气候变暖满足了芒果生长发育的基本要求，同时沿海地区的小气候环境也为芒果生长发育创造了有利 条件，闽东沿海部分地区芒果实际种植采收也说明了少量生产芒果的可行性，同时也例证了芒果种植区由 福州南部县市北拓到闽东北沿海地区。地方政府部门需加强科学区划和管理，同时应注意防御芒果种植的 农业气象灾害，进一步提高闽东种植芒果的成功率和降低风险性。

Abstract:

The climate change has a great influence on regionalization and distribution of tropical fruit planting in Fujian province， where the planting region of many tropical fruits moves northward in different degree. Based on the statistical analysis of climate observation data between difference decades from 1961 to 2010 in the coastal counties of northeastern Fujian province， combined with the meteorological conditions of the mango growth， this paper ana- lyzed mainly the climate change in northeastern Fujian province and its effect on the growth of mango. The results showed that: Affected by climate warming， the heat condition has improved more in the coastal counties of south- east Fujian. After the 1990s， the annual average temperature has reached 19.3～20.1℃， more than the minimum temperature（19.3℃） of mango growth in Fujian.≥ 10℃ accumulated temperature was among 6 696～6 923℃， more than 6 500℃ that the mango minimum needed. Except Fuding city， the winter（12～2 months） temperature exceeded 11℃ in the other three coastal counties of southeast Fujian， the years less than -2.5℃ which is the ex- treme minimum temperature standard of mango significantly decreased and the probability of occurrence also re- duced. The annual precipitation was more than 1400mm and sunshine hours were more than 1 500 hours， which met the requirement of mango annual precipitation（995.4～1 678.2mm） and sunshine hours（995.4～2 465.4h） in Fujian province. The climate warming， adequate sunlight and precipitation in northeastern Fujian province grad- ually met the basic requirements for the growth of mango. While the microclimate environment in coastal areas also created suitable conditions for the growth and development of mango. The actual planting Mango harvest in some ar- eas showed the feasibility of small amounts of the mango production， and also explained the planting area extended from the southern Fuzhou city to the coastal area of northeastern Fujian province. Local governments need to strengthen the scientific division and management， meanwhile， they should also pay more attention to prevent from agricultural meteorological disasters of mango plantation.