道县耕地后备资源开发利用对策研究——以结合农业机械应用为导向

RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF RESERVED LAND RESOURCE FOR CULTIVATION IN DAO COUNTY BASED ONTHE APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

关键词:  耕地后备资源 开发 评价 农业机械应用

Key words:  reserved land resource for cultivation  development  evaluation  application of agricultural machinery

摘要:

农业机械化是农业现代化的重要内容和重要标志之一。当前，少有结合农业机械化来统筹考虑区域耕地后备资源开发利用的文献，本文结合农业机械化来开展耕地后备资源评价研究，以期结合农业机械化需求来改进土地整治技术、更合理的利用耕地后备资源、推动农业机械应用和区域农业现代化。根据《耕地后备资源调查与评价技术规程》，考虑区域特点，本文建立了包括自然坡度、土层厚度、土壤质地、生态退化可能性和农机总体应用特性共5个指标构成的评价指标体系。以此为基础，对湖南省道县耕地后备资源进行了评价，得到道县耕地后备资源总量为1147 485万hm2，且总体质量较好，A2和A1等级占到总量近73%；道县耕地后备资源分布比较集中，主要分布在道县中南部，该区域属于道县的平岗区，地势高差变化相对小；在来源地类上，主要以其他草地为主；在农业机械应用上，道县总体应用条件一般，但在集中分布区域应用条件尚可。以耕地后备资源的特征为主导因素，将全县划分为开发主导区、整理主导区和生态保育区。开发主导区，是该县耕地后备资源大规模开发的优先区域。坡度在6°以下的耕地后备资源，可配置中型的耕整机械和联合收割机等农业机械；在6°~15°的后备资源类型，宜采用中小型或小型农业机械。整理主导区，区内耕地后备资源适宜纳入到现有耕地资源中一并进行整理，农业机械尺寸取决于该区耕地资源条件。该区大部分总体平坦的耕作区域适合于中型农业机械；山丘冲田以及坡田，耕地散而破碎，适合于推广小型农业机械。生态保育区，进行开发的优势度低，除泡水周边耕地可采用中型农业机械外，其他区域适合采用人力控制的微型农业机械。

Abstract:

Agricultural mechanization is one of the most important contents and a primary symbol of agricultural modernization. Up to now, most of the related literatures have rarely considered about the application of agricultural machinery, when discussing the utilization of regional reserved land resource for cultivation. Based on the research of agricultural machinery, this paper evaluated the utilization of reserved land resource for cultivation, explored rational approach to use the reserved land resource for cultivation, and analyzed land improvement measures, so as to promote regional agricultural mechanization and modernization. According to "standards of surveying and evaluating reserved land resource for cultivation", the paper took regional characteristics fully into account, and put forward an evaluation index system which included such five indexes as natural slope, soil thickness, soil texture, possibilities of ecological degradation and the application of agricultural machinery. Furthermore, the author evaluated reserved land resource for cultivation of Dao County in Hunan province. According to the evaluation results, the reserved land resource for cultivation of Dao County had the characteristics of better quality with total amount of 11 47485hm2, of which the amount of A1 level and A2 level nearly accounted for 73%. As the regional distribution, it had the characteristics of concentrated distribution, which concentrated in the regions of south-central area. In such area, land was mostly plat, with rarely terrain elevation changes. As the source of the reserved land resource for cultivation in Dao County, grassland was the main type. And the application of agricultural machinery in whole area of Dao County was quite different and better in concentrated distribution area. Taking reserved land resource for cultivation as the leading factor, the author divided Dao County into such three types as the development leading zone, consolidation leading zone and the ecological conservation zone. The development leading zone was the priority area to large-scale development of reserved land resource for cultivation. For reserve cultivated land resources under 6°, it was suitable for promoting medium-sized plowing machine and combining harvester and other agricultural machinery; for 6°~15° interval, it was suitable for promoting small and medium-sized or small agricultural machinery. In the consolidation leading zone, the chosen of agricultural machinery type should depend on the existing cultivated land resources conditions. It was mostly suitable for promoting medium-sized agricultural machinery in the flat cultivation area, while medium-sized agricultural machinery in scattered cultivated land resources in hill region. In the ecological conservation area, it's difficult to develop appropriate agricultural machinery in the reserved land resource for cultivation. Excluding the cultivated land surrounding Pao River which can promote medium-sized agricultural machinery, it was suitable for the mini agricultural machinery controlled by human in other area.