地方财政支农支出对农业技术效率影响分析*——基于随机前沿分析方法

PROVINCIAL VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF LOCAL FINANCE FOR SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE ON THE AGRICULTURAL TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY

关键词:  财政支农支出 农业技术效率 随机前沿生产函数 地区差异

Key words:  agricultural technical efficiency  finance for supporting agriculture  stochastic frontier analysis model  regional difference

摘要:

农业是经济可持续发展的重要保障，而农业的发展更加需要政府财政的扶持，那么作为支撑农业发展的地方财政支农支出对农业技术效率的提高是否存在着积极影响？本文使用中国31省市的2000～2011年的面板数据，运用基于对数型柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的随机前沿分析（SFA）模型，实证分析了地方财政支农支出和地区差异对中国农业技术效率的影响程度，中国农业技术效率的变化以及东、中、西部地区的农业技术效率的差异。通过实证研究得出：中国农业生产存在显著的效率损失，主要来自技术效率损失，但从中国农业技术效率的变化趋势看，中国农业技术效率年均增长34%，以现有的技术水平和不变的投入要素，如果消除技术效率损失达到前沿生产面，农业生产总值还可以增加5522%，提升的空间还很大；进一步分析出地方财政支农支出对农业发展有明显的推动作用，地方财政支农支出对农业技术效率的弹性系数为0272，即地方财政支农支出每增加1%，农业技术效率增加272%，增加地方财政支农支出可提高农业技术效率；同时中国农业技术效率与经济地理条件相关性很大，农业技术效率因区域差别呈现出显著性差异，经济发达地区农业技术效率显著高于经济落后地区，其中东部地区农业技术效率远高于全国水平及中西部地区。为缩小区域间农业技术效率差距，建议各地政府应适当调整财政支农支出水平，提高中西部地方财政农业科技支出。

Abstract:

Agriculture is the important guarantee of the sustainable economic development in China, on the other hand, the development of agriculture need more financial support than other industries. It needed to find out if the local fiscal for supporting agriculture actively affect the agricultural technology efficiency in China. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2011, this paper used logarithmic Cobb-Douglas production function of the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model to empirically study the effect of local finance for supporting the agriculture on the agricultural technical efficiency, discussed the changes of the agricultural technology efficiency in China and the difference of the agricultural technical efficiency between the east area, central area and west area. The results showed that there were significant efficiency losses in agricultural production, which mainly come from the technical efficiency losses. However, the agricultural technology efficiency increased by 34% per year from the point of variation trend in China. The gross agricultural production might increase 5522% with much room to improve according to the existing technological level and invariable input factors if the technological efficiency losses were eliminated and reached to the production frontiers. The further results showed that the local fiscal for supporting agriculture had significant positive effects on agricultural technology efficiency, and local fiscal expenditure for supporting agriculture on the agricultural technology efficiency of elasticity coefficient was 0272, in other words, the local fiscal for supporting agriculture increased by 1%, the agricultural technology efficiency would increase 272%. As a result, increasing local fiscal for supporting agriculture was able to improve the efficiency of agricultural technology. At the same time, agricultural technology efficiency and the economic geography condition had a great correlation in China and the agricultural technical efficiency also showed significant differences according to regional diversity. The agricultural technology efficiency in developed area was much higher than that in undeveloped areas, and the agricultural technological efficiency in eastern was much higher than that in the national level and the mid-west area. This paper suggested that local government should adjust fiscal expenditure for supporting agriculture level and promote the fiscal expenditure on agricultural science and technology in the mid-west provinces in order to narrow the gap of the agricultural technology efficiency in different areas in China.