东北地区耕地质量状况及变化态势分析

ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF CULTIVATED AND LAND CHANGE TREND IN NORTHEAST AREA

关键词:  东北地区 耕地质量 状况 变化态势

Key words:  Northeast China  quality of cultivated land  condition  change trend

摘要:

耕地质量是指反映耕地生产能力高低、耕地环境状况优劣以及耕地产品质量与产出效益高低的综合属性，包括耕地的土壤质量（土壤肥力质量和土壤环境质量）、耕地的环境质量、耕地的管理质量和耕地的经济质量。东北地区耕地质量状况是总体偏低，中等和低等地合占耕地总面积的995%，高等地仅占05%。东北地区耕地质量变化态势如何，目前没有统一的认识，较为普遍看法是东北地区耕地质量总体水平趋于下降，但农田土壤监测结果表明：东北地区耕地土壤肥力指标总体上从下降转向稳中有升的趋势。作者认为过去东北地区耕地的土壤肥力质量总体上呈下降之势，但自20世纪90年代末期开始，耕地的土壤肥力质量下降的趋势逐步得到扭转，并逐步趋于上升，耕地的管理质量和耕地的经济质量均明显上升，但局部区域耕地质量恶化问题突出，主要表现在耕地水土流失问题依然突出、耕地土壤污染问题日益突出、耕地“占优补劣”导致局部区域耕地质量下降。

Abstract:

The quality of cultivated land refers to a comprehensive property that reflects the productivity, conditions and level of products quality of cultivated land , including farmland soil quality ( quality of soil fertility and soil environmental quality), the quality of the environment, the management of arable land quality and land economic quality. The overall quality of arable land in Northeast China is low. The medium and low quality land together accounted for 995% of the total area of arable land with only 05% of high quality land. It was no unified understanding on the arable land change situation, and the common point of view was that the overall quality of the land in Northeastern region was declining. But the farmland soil monitoring results showed that soil fertility had turned from decline to steadily increase trend. The author believed that the overall trend of soil fertility in Northeast had declined but gradually increased since the late 1990s. The quality of the management and the economy of the arable land significantly increased, but the land deterioration problems in parts of area was outstanding due to soil erosion, soil pollution, and land compensation policy.