农业文化遗产研究的GIS应用前景分析

APPLICATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF GIS IN FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL HERITAGE

关键词:  农业文化遗产 地理信息系统 研究方法 应用前景

Key words:  agricultural heritage  geographic information system  research method

摘要:

农业文化遗产对资源环境具有较强的依赖性，在发掘与动态保护过程中需要地理信息系统（GIS）及其决策服务的支持。该文运用文献研究与资源整理的方法，概要地综述了GIS技术在农业研究中和历史/文化地理领域里的应用，其中GIS在农业研究中的应用可以概括为以资源管理和区划为主的宏观应用、以估产和灾害管理为主的中观应用和在精确农业中3S结合的微观应用； GIS在历史/文化地理领域应用按其功能划分为数据管理、空间分析和可视化3类。结合目前GIS在农业文化遗产研究中的应用现状分析，明确了GIS的主要应用方向包括：农业文化遗产信息管理、空间信息测算与资源评估、复杂信息空间分析、可视化与专题图绘制，以及遗产地保护规划辅助功能等5个方面。最后通过分析GIS技术在研究过程中可能存在的数据制约、技术门槛、资金限制等因素，对GIS广泛应用的前景进行了探讨。相信随着研究的不断深入，作为数量化、信息化重要研究方法的GIS，在未来农业文化遗产研究中必然起到更为重要的作用。

Abstract:

Agricultural heritage has strong dependency on resources and environment. For the proper protection and management of agricultural heritage, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and China's Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) have been set up. Geographic information system (GIS) is a system for creating and managing spatial data and related attributes. Investigation and dynamic conservation of agricultural heritage need the support of GIS and its decision service. Using the methods of literature research and document compilation, this paper summarily reviewed the application of GIS technology in the field of agricultural research and historical/cultural geography. The agricultural application of GIS included three different types of view: macro-view, medium-view and micro-view, respectively. In terms of macro-view, GIS is mainly used in agricultural resources management and regionalization. In terms of medium-view, GIS was used to yield estimation and disaster management. In terms of micro-view, GIS was applied in precision agriculture with the aid of Remote Sensing, Global Positioning System, Expert System and Decision Support System. And the application of GIS in the field of historical/cultural geography can be divided into three categories according to its function, ie., the data management, spatial analysis and visualization. This paper also analyzed the current status of GIS application in agricultural heritage research. The results showed that literature research, field interviews and questionnaires were mainly current research methods but lack of systematic, quantitative and visualization research tools. And then the paper indicated that the main application of GIS in the field of agricultural heritage should include five aspects as follows: information management of agricultural heritage, spatial information measurement and evaluation of resources, spatial analysis, visualization and thematic mapping, and auxiliary functions of heritage sites protection planning. In the end, the paper discussed the perspectives of pervasive application of GIS based on the analysis of the potential restraining factors during research, such as the limitation of data, technical difficulty and limitation of funds. With the deepening of the study, as an important research method of quantification and information, GIS will play an important role in agricultural heritage research in the future.