我国西北旱区农牧业综合开发潜力分析及水资源支撑能力研究

The comprehensively analysis of development potential in husbandry and supporting capacity of water resources in northwest of China

关键词:  西北旱区 农牧业 可持续发展 水资源利用 承载能力

Key words:  northwest in China  agriculture and livestock  sustainable agriculture development  water resources utilization  bearing capacity

摘要:

西北旱区是我国的生态脆弱区、经济欠发达区、少数民族聚集区和边疆地区，实现西北旱区农牧业可持续发展，对推动一带一路建设、与全国同步实现小康社会具有重要战略意义。在科学、高效利用农牧业自然资源的基础上，加快转变农牧业发展方式，充分发挥西北旱区的农牧业发展潜力，实现生产、生态与生活的“三生共赢”，是西北旱区农牧业发展面临的现实问题。文章在全面分析西北旱区区位条件和农牧业特点的基础上，划定了西北旱区的区域范围； 在深入分析西北旱区农牧业自然资源禀赋、农牧业发展条件的基础上，认真分析了西北旱区农牧业发展潜力； 从多个标准出发对水资源承载能力和节水措施进行了综合评价，提出了“压夏扩秋、为牧而种”的结构调整原则，“灌区节水、旱区集水”的工程措施建议，以及加强科技创新、提高水土资源综合利用率的农技推广重点，为西北旱区农牧业发展方向、路径和发展尺度提供了科学依据。

Abstract:

Northwest China is not only a fragile ecology region, less developed area, and minority-compact community, but also a border area, so the sustainable development of agriculture and livestock in northwest China has important strategic significance in increasing the farmers' income, promoting economic construction, and realizing well-off society. The practical problems, recently, is to accelerate the transformation of the mode of husbandry and exploit its potential on the basis of the scientific and efficient use of agricultural natural resources, so as to realize the three win-win of production, ecology and livelihood together. In this study, the drought region was drawn on the basis of analyzing the locational conditions and the characteristics of agriculture and livestock in northwest China comprehensively. The development potential of agriculture and livestock was analyzed based on the development and natural resources in northwest arid region. Moreover, based on the overall evaluation of the water bearing capacity and the water-saving measures, a new principle of structure adjustment was put forward, i.e., prolonging the planting time of forage grass in autumn. Several suggestions were also proposed, i.e., the engineering measures including saving water in irrigation area while retain water in arid region, the policy methods including strengthening technological innovation and improving the water sources utilization, for the aim of the development of agriculture and livestock in northwest China.