试论我国农业水权转让制度的构建

ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSFER OF CHINESE AGRICULTURAL WATER SYSTEM

关键词:  农业水权 水权转让 农业用水配置 制度构建

Key words:  agricultural water rights  transfer of water rights  allocation of agricultural water  construction of the system

摘要:

随着我国社会经济的发展，水的基础性战略资源地位与其供给紧张之间的矛盾越发凸显。我国是农业大国，农业用水占据了我国用水总量的绝对多数。优化农业用水配置，提高农业用水效率对于我国水资源安全具有重大的现实意义。因此，农业水权转让制度作为配置农业用水的有效方式必须得到重视。该文对我国农业水权转让制度建设进行了一定的梳理，通过文献整理及归纳推理的研究方法，指出了目前我国农业水权转让存在困境，如农业水权转让存在着权利主体虚置、现有水价机制缺乏科学性、农业水权转让规则欠缺及农业水权配置市场参与不够等不利因素。针对我国农业水权转让制度存在的困境，提出了构建我国农业水权转让制度中应明确农业水权权利主体，建立科学合理的农业水价机制，在适度转变政府职能的前提下完善农业水权转让规则，以使其更好地服务于我国节水型社会建设等意见措施。

Abstract:

With the development of Chinese social economy, the conflict between the basic strategy of water resources status and the supply shortage have become increasingly prominent. Agricultural water consumption occupies the absolute majority of the total water use in China. To optimize the allocation of agricultural water and improve water efficiency in agriculture have great realistic meaning for water security in China. Therefore, it should pay more attention to the system of agricultural water rights transfer as the efficient allocation of agricultural water. The paper reviewed the transfer system of the agricultural water rights in China by the methods of literature and inductive reasoning, and pointed out the difficulties in the transfer of Chinese agricultural water right, which included that the transfer of Chinese agricultural water right had no subject and no rules, water price system was not scientific, and there was not enough market participation in agricultural water rights allocation. Aiming at these problems in the transfer system of Chinese agricultural water right, this paper finally put forward some countermeasures, such as, to construct the subject of agricultural water rights, establish a scientific and reasonable water price system, perfect the transfer rules of the agricultural water rights under the premise of the transformation government function for serving the construction of water-saving society in China.