基于政府、农户、企业三方合作博弈的秸秆焚烧管理问题研究

THE CROPS STRAW OPENING BURNING CONTROL RESEARCH BASED ON THE GOVERNMENT-FARMER-ENTERPRISE COOPERATION GAME

关键词:  秸秆 露天焚烧管理 农户—企业—政府 有限理性—经济人假设 合作博弈

Key words:  crops straw opening burning control  farmer-enterprise-government  bounded rationality-economic man mode  cooperation game

摘要:

作为一个农业大国，我国每年有大量农作物秸秆产生，随着农村人民生活方式及生活水平的提高，原本作为燃料的农作物秸秆被大量露天焚烧，其对大气环境的负外部性引起了各级政府的高度重视，各级监管部门采取了多种措施试图解决这一问题，但经过近10年的实践，其结果仍不容乐观。文章在分析总结大量已有相关控制秸秆露天焚烧研究的基础上认为：造成目前困境的主要原因是对农户的行为模式认识不够准确，以往的研究大多认为，农户的行为模式是典型的经纪人模式，由此导致政府的管理措施出现了偏差。该文根据过往学者的实证研究分析结果，提出对于农户行为模式的新认识，即有限理性—经济人假设，据此采用博弈论中合作博弈模型，提出解决秸秆露天焚烧问题的新思路，即应改变过去认为农户与政府在控制秸秆露天焚烧上进行不合作博弈的片面认识，而应从农户、企业、政府三方合作博弈的角度重新认识控制秸秆露天焚烧的问题，并提出了相应的建议和措施，以期从根本上解决秸秆露天焚烧的顽疾。

Abstract:

As an big agricultural country，China has produced a great amount of crop straw every year.With the change of lifestyle and living standard in the countryside， crop straw is burned in open causing the atmosphere quality get worse intensively.The government had paid more attention to the negative externality of crops straw opening burning. However，the effects was not optimistic during 10 years practice.Based on the review of many researches about crops straw control，this article considered that the major reason was the cognitive bias of farmer's action mode. Many researchers formerly considered that the farmer's action mode was the economic man mode that caused the government pay more attention to punishment steps. This paper put forward the new ideas to fundamentally solve the crops straw opening burning problem using the cooperation game model. It should change the one-sided opinion which was the noncooperation game between farmer and government, and re-recognize the crops straw control from the view of farmer-enterprise-government cooperation game.