基于土地利用的北京市农业生态服务价值评估研究

RESEARCH ON THEAGRO-ECOSYSTEM SERVICESVALUEBASED ON THELANDUSEINBEIJING

关键词:  土地利用 农业生态服务价值 北京市

Key words:  the land use  agro-ecosystem services value  Beijing

摘要:

近年来，随着经济社会加速发展与新农村建设的不断深入，在北京这样的大都市中农业的生产功能逐渐被弱化，农业的生态功能越来越凸显重要作用，估算农业的生态服务价值逐渐成为学术界研究的热点。目前国内主要是参照谢高地提出的中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务功能价值表，即用全国生态系统的平均服务价值来估算不同区域的农业生态服务价值，这与北京的社会发展水平、城市定位及都市型现代农业的功能定位是不符合的，因此是不太恰当的。文章以北京农业生态服务价值评估为研究目标，在全国生态系统服务价值评估体系的基础上，对北京市300多位具有相关专业背景的学者进行问卷调查，对中国生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表进行有依据的修改，制定出更适合北京区域的不同土地利用类型生态系统服务评估单价体系，并以此表为依据测算了2013年北京农业生态服务价值的理论值与现实值。研究发现北京的农业生态服务价值十分巨大，文章提供了一种更符合北京生态系统状况与经济发展水平的农业生态服务价值评估方法，可以用于已知土地利用面积的农业生态服务价值估算，能够在较短时间内获得较为精确的结果。

Abstract:

In recent years, with the acceleration of economic and social development and the construction of new rural areas, the production function of agriculture becomes graduallyweaker in cosmopolitan cities like Beijing, while the ecological function of agriculture plays a more and more important role. The calculation of agro-ecosystem services value has become a research hotspot in academic circles.The existing literature has predominatelyreferred to theequivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services in China, which means using the national average value of ecosystem services to estimate the value of agricultural ecosystem services in different regions, but it is not appropriateas this method does not consistent with the social development level, the city location and the functional location of the modern agriculture in Beijing. For instance, some ecosystem services have been insufficiently valuated or even ignored. Therefore, taking the value of agro-ecosystem services in Beijing as the research object, referring to the equivalent factor table for evaluating the ecological service value of China's ecosystem and on the basis of a questionnaire survey to more than 300 academics with relevant professional backgrounds in Beijing, this paper developed a new method or 'unit value' which was more suitable for Beijing area. This method modified the value of the ecosystem services value of the ecosystem in China which wasmore suitable for Beijing area.Then the theoretical and actualagro-ecologicalvalue of Beijing was measured on the base of equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem service in Beijing.The research found that the agro-ecosystem services value in Beijing was very large.The ecosystem services value assessment methodcan be used for the known land using areas of agricultural ecosystem services value estimates, which can make the evaluation result more consistent with the condition of the local ecosystem and the level of economic development.