西南民族地区旅游影响调控研究——基于游客感知视角

THE REGULATION RESEARCH OF TOURISM IMPACT IN SOUTHWEST ETHNIC TOURISM DESTINATION BASED ON THE TOURISTS` PERCEPTION

关键词:  旅游影响 调控 感知 游客 民族旅游地

Key words:  tourism impact  regulation  perception  tourists  ethnic tourism destination

摘要:

民族地区发展旅游是脱贫致富的重要途径，但因环境破坏、民族文化蜕变、居民生计等问题，其可持续发展能力普遍下降。旅游影响是国内外旅游研究的重要领域，但是以游客视角进行探讨的文献不足。游客作为旅游活动的实施主体，与旅游影响的产生有密切联系，其对旅游影响的感知状况关系到他们对旅游的态度与后续行为。研究游客对旅游影响的感知不仅对推动民族地区居民增收、社会稳定及可持续发展等有重要意义，还有助于实现国民经济的持续健康发展。该研究以桂、黔两地的3个少数民族旅游区为例，在综合调查基础上，运用SPSS19.0软件，定量研究游客在旅游环境、社会文化及经济影响上的感知异同，并对其原因进行了探析。研究发现游客对旅游影响的感知普遍较强，但对3类旅游影响及旅游的正、负面影响的感知上又均存在差异，同时因人口统计学特征不同，游客的感知重点也有差异。文章依此提出民族旅游地提升旅游正面影响、控制负面影响的相应措施与策略。

Abstract:

Development of tourism is an important way to help the poor become rich，however the development of tourism overemphasize economic interests，and ignore the result of environmental damage，national culture faded and livelihoods of the people and so on，the capacity for sustainable development is declining in ethnic tourism destination.Tourism impact study is a very important field of domestic and international tourism research，but tourists` perception on tourism impact is less discussed in the literatures.As the main implementation principals of tourism activities，the tourists have great relationship with the production of many tourism impact，and their perception on tourism impact is related to their attitude and subsequent behavior towards tourism which influencing the development of local tourism further，also can deeply reflects tourism quality and governs its development trend.The combination of agriculture and tourism together is conducive to expand the scope of agricultural operations，increase the added value of agricultural production，improve agricultural ecological environment through the development of rural tourism，leisure agriculture and other ways which is the effective way to solve the“three rural issues”in the new stage，so the research on tourists' perception of tourism impact is not only beneficial to the national residents' income，social stability，the sustainable development of ethnic tourism destination and so on，but also conducive the sustainable and healthy development of the national economy.Taking the three typical minority areas in Guangxi and Guizhou as an example，this paper got data through the questionnaire survey and made a quantitative analysis on the strengths and differences of tourist perception on tourism environmental，socio-cultural and economic impact which is on the basis of comprehensive analysis by using the SPSS17.0 software，factor analysis and analysis of variance.The results show that：the overall perception of tourists on the impact of tourism development is strong，the perception of positive impact is stronger than that of the negative influences； at the same time，the tourists` perception on positive impact of the economy is the strongest，the side effect on the social culture of tourism is the weakest.Moreover different demographic characteristics of the tourists，their perception also have certain differences.The paper provides corresponding measures and strategies to guide，regulate，control tourist's behavior which is based on tourism stakeholders in ethnic tourism destination，also implement critical control in specific aspects of the regulation to promote positive impact and control negative impact of tourism eventually.