甘肃“张哈”片省级扶贫开发示范区产业扶贫分析

ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION OF“ZHANG-HA”PROVINCIAL POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND DEVELOPMENT DEMONSTRATION DISTRICT IN GANSU PROVINCE

关键词:  甘肃“张哈”片 日光温室 产业发展现状 问题 对策建议

Key words:  “Zhang-Ha”regions of Gansu  industry of red grape in Greenhouse and industry of ginseng fruit  the status and effect of industry development  issues facing the industry  suggestions and measures to develop industry

摘要:

2005年甘肃省武威市区（县）镇三级党委政府立足凉州区张义镇、天祝县哈溪镇区位资源特色，制定了两镇突破行政区域限制，联手发展具备地域优势的日光温室红提葡萄秋延后生产、日光温室人参果周年生产特色产业，实施产业扶贫的“张哈”模式。2007年甘肃省政府又成立了甘肃“张哈”片省级扶贫开发示范区，从政策层面对产业扶贫加以强化。为了解“张哈”两镇特色产业发展现状及“张哈”发展模式对当地农民脱贫致富的成效， 2013年底对“张哈”片已建成并投入生产的日光温室座数、面积及种植作物进行了普查； 对片区适宜发展日光温室的25个行政村每个村选取9座具有生产、经营水平代表性的日光温室，进行了种植作物、产量、产值、生产性投入及净效益抽样调查； 对凉州区张义镇堡子村、天祝县哈溪镇古城村两个特色产业示范村进行了种植作物、产量、产值、生产性投入及净效益重点调查。结果显示：由于对“张哈”区位特征把握准确，特色产业定位科学，培育产业的政策措施得力，特色产业发展势头良好、扶贫成效显著。日光温室红提葡萄秋延后生产、人参果周年生产特色产业成为当地农民脱贫致富的主导产业。但产业在发展同时也面临有组织无管理，有产品没有或少有精品，有品牌无名牌的问题。生产精品，培育名牌，应用科技手段提高日光温室性能、降低劳动强度，强化对产业的组织管理是扩大主导产业规模、提高特色优势产业对山区农民脱贫致富的贡献率的重要途径。

Abstract:

Zhang Yi town of Liangzhou district，and Haxi town of Tianzhu county of Wuwei，Gansu，are 2 national key poverty alleviation rural towns，and are both located in hinterland of Qilian Mountain，which is 70 kilometers away from the south of the city of Wuwei.The two towns are both lack of field with large numbers of people，per capita irrigated field is even less than 0.067hm2，thus resource constraint is the main reason of poverty.However，the two towns both have advantages of cold climate，clean water，fertile soil，and unpolluted ecological environment.In 2005，based on resource characteristics of local regions，and through experiment research，the district（county），and town party governments drew up the“Zhang-Ha”strategic mode which breaks the administrative boundaries between the two towns and lets the two towns develop characteristic industries——red grape postpone production in autumn in the sunlight greenhouse，and the ginseng fruit annual production in sunlight greenhouse——together，and alleviated poverty through these industries.In 2007，Gansu provincial government had set up“Zhang-Ha”provincial poverty alleviation and development demonstration region，and strengthened alleviating poverty through industries from the policy level.In order to know about the status of characteristic industries of“Zhang-Ha”and the effect of“Zhang-Ha”mode to help local farmer out of poverty to get rich，by the end of 2013，we had an investigation about the number and area of greenhouses built and put into production in this region，and plant crops in greenhouses，by a sample survey about the kind of plant crops，the output，value，production investment，and net profit of plant crops，selecting 9 typical greenhouses per village，which could stand for the whole levels of production and operating of the villages，among 25 municipal villages which are suitable for developing greenhouses in“Zhang-Ha”region，and had a major survey of the kind of plant crops，the output，value，production investment，and net profit of plant crops in Puzi village of Zhangyi town，Liangzhou district，and Gucheng village of Haxi town，Tianzhu county,The investigation proposes that，due to the region（town）county government's accurate grasp of geographical features of“Zhang-Ha”region，scientific positioning of distinguishing industry，effective policy measures of fostering industry，characteristic industry has developed remarkably and with optimistic development future：by the end of 2013， 5013 solar greenhouses（576.9km2）have been built and put into production in the area，achieving annual red grape production as high as 4.2678 million kg，with the output value of 59.7492 million yuan，and the net profit of 45.5232 million yuan，meanwhile，the total output of ginseng fruit has achieved 30.4395 million kg annually，with the output value of 91.3185 million yuan，and the net profit of 65.562 million yuan.The red grape postpone production in autumn in sunlight greenhouse，and the ginseng fruit annual production in sunlight greenhouse have become the leading industries of the local farmers out of poverty to get rich，and have led 5000 households， 19500 people took the road of the rich.However，with the development，these characteristic industries are also facing with some problems，such as lack of organized management，high quality products，and famous brands.Thus，producing high quality products，nurturing famous brands，and improve performance of Greenhouse，reduce labor intensity，and strengthen organization and management of industries by using technological means，are significant pathways to expand the scale of leading industries，and increase the contribution rate of characteristic advantageous industries to help farmers in the regions out poverty to get rich.