藏区特色产业可持续发展探析———以果洛藏族自治州冬虫夏草产业为例

ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL INDUSTRIES IN TIBETAN AREAS———TAKING CORDYCEPS INDUSTRY IN GOLOG TIBETAN AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE AS EXAMPLE

关键词:  藏区 特色产业 果洛州 冬虫夏草 可持续发展

Key words:  Tibetan areas  special industries  golog  cordyceps  sustainable development

摘要:

随着近年来国内外对冬虫夏草需求的增加, 价格大幅上涨, 吸引了大批人群集中采挖, 一方面促进了当地农牧民收入增加, 另一方面也造成了对生态资源的严重破坏, 冬虫夏草分布区域面积也在逐年缩小。合理而科学地利用好冬虫夏草资源, 可以增加牧民群众收入, 有利于保护生态环境, 促进当地社会经济的可持续发展。果洛州冬虫夏草产业发展的主要问题在于: 当地群众观念落后, 政府监管力度不够, 采集方式缺乏科学性与营销手段较为单一。对果洛州冬虫夏草产业发展的SWOT 分析显示: 优势在于产量较大, 潜在的经济价值十分可观; 劣势在于受自然因素与人为因素的影响, 市场风险较大; 机会来自于当地政府的产业扶持政策; 威胁来自于交易价格不稳定, 旅游市场影响与各种虫草品牌的竞争。结合当地实际情况, 研究从转变传统观念、建立专业销售平台、实现科学采集及营销模式多样化等4个方面就果洛州冬虫夏草产业可持续发展提出了建议。

Abstract:

With the increasing of the demands coming from domestic and foreign customers，the price of Cordyceps is rising，which attract a large number of people concentrated excavation.This situation，on the one hand，promotes the increasing of local farmers′ income.On the other hand，it also causes serious damage to the ecological resources，and the distribution areas of Cordyceps is shrinking each year.Rational and scientific to make good use of Cordyceps resources can increase revenue of herdsmen，help to protect the environment and promote sustainable development of the local society and economy.The main problem of Cordyceps industry development in Golog is local people behind the concept，inadequate government regulation，lack of scientific collection methods and marketing means more singleThrough analysis of the strengths，weaknesses，we can see that the advantage is larger production and considerable potential economic value； the disadvantage is the risk market coming from the impact of natural factors and human factors； opportunities come from local government′s industrial support policies； the threat comes from the transaction price instability，the market impact of tourism and the competition of a variety of Cordyceps brand.Combined with the actual situation in local state，study gives the suggestions about Cordyceps industry development in Golog from four aspects，which are the transformation of traditional concept，the establishment of professional sales platform，the scientific collection and the diversification of marketing model.