家庭经营型种粮适度规模的确定——以株洲市辖区为例

DETERMING THE APPROPRIATE GRAIN-SCALE OF HOUSEHOLD IN ZHUZHOU DOWNTOWN

关键词:  种粮兼业户 种粮大户 适度规模 株洲市辖区

Key words:  part-time grain planting households  large scale grain planting households  appropriate scale  Zhuzhou downtown

摘要:

以农户为单位进行生产是符合我国农业国情的主要农业生产形式，确定农户种粮适度规模对促进农业规模经营、增加农户种粮收益、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。以株洲市辖区为例，文章利用随机调查法获取了15个村84个种粮户、利用案例调查法获取了7个种粮大户2013年的基本情况，通过分析种粮投入、产出的结构、水平，在保证农户一定收入的前提下确定了：（1）现实条件下的种粮适度规模，外出务工农户、其他兼业农户人均需各经营213hm2、173hm2单季稻或者104hm2、094hm2双季稻，种粮大户人均经营602hm2单季稻或306hm2双季稻； （2）在有土地流转费、有政府粮食补贴的假设条件下，按照株洲市标准农作制度“早稻-晚稻-油菜”从事双季稻生产，则外出务工农户、其他兼业农户及种粮大户人均经营的适度规模分别为101hm2、091hm2及292hm2； （3）存在（2）的假设、不再有兼业收入且进行农地整治，则人均需经营223hm2双季稻可获得预期收益。并在此基础上提出了开展农地整治、加强土地权属的调配，稳定农业生产资料价格、进一步完善种粮补贴发放机制，建立土地流转信息平台，为农户土地双向流转提供信息等措施建议促进实现适度规模经营。

Abstract:

The farmer household production method is the main form of agricultural production in China which conforms to the current agricultural condition. Therefore, determining the appropriate scale of grain production has an important significanceinexpanding the plant scale, increasing the farmers' income, and ensuring the food security. Taking Zhuzhou Downtown for an example, using the random survey data of 84 part-time grain planting households in small scale and 7 grain planting households in large scale from 15 villages in 2013, this paper calculated the appropriate scale by analyzing the different structure and level of input and output of planting grain while ensuring the farmers'income. The results showed that: (1) Under the realistic level of agricultural productivity, the scale of outgoing households in Zhuzhou was 2.13hm2 per person for single cropping of rice and 1.04 hm2 per person for double cropping of rice, while the scale of other part-time households was 1.73 hm2 for single cropping of rice per person and 0.94 hm2 for double cropping of rice per person. The scale of Large-scale households was 6.02 hm2 of single cropping of rice per person and 3.06 hm2 of double cropping of rice per person; (2) Under the condition of the households gaining the land transfer fee and grain subsidy, the scale of outgoing households, other part-time households and large scale households should be 1.01 hm2 per person, 0.91 hm2 per a person and 2.92 hm2 per person, respectively, for double cropping of rice;(3) The scale of the full-time households should be 223 hm2 per person for double cropping systems. To promote the development of the appropriate scale of agriculture, some measures had been pointed out: First of all, the land consolidation should be carried out actively. Secondly, the dispatch of land ownership needed to be strengthened. Thirdly, the price of agriculture production should be kept stable. What's more, it was also important to improve the mechanism of providing grain subsidy. Finally, building the land transfer information service platform would be helpful to accelerate the land transfer from two-sides.