甘肃省大樱桃种植区域划分研究

CLASSIFICATION OF SWEET CHERRY GROWING REGION OF GANSU PROVINCE

关键词:  大樱桃 种植布局 划分 甘肃

Key words:  sweet cherries  planting layout  divide  Gansu

摘要:

大樱桃因果期早，营养价值高，经济效益好，成为近年来我国发展最快的果树品种之一。由于大樱桃对气候环境较为敏感，引种栽培又缺乏与气候适宜性相关的研究，以致大樱桃区域性盲目引种栽培现象严重，存在种植不成功、且分散独立、栽植面积小、产量低、品质差、上市集中、市场竞争力差、经济效益低等现象。为了研究大樱桃引种栽培的气候适宜性，文章选择甘肃省东南部大樱桃引种栽培地区作为研究范围，以天水市秦城区气候条件为参照，对比大樱桃欧洲原产地气候条件，选取年平均气温、年降雨量、年日照时数、>10℃的有效积温及无霜期5项典型气候因子，用聚类分析和相似系数法进行定量和定性分析法，将甘肃省大樱桃引种栽培区依次划分为优势区、适宜区、较适宜区、可宜区及不宜区5类，并对各栽植区大樱桃发展策略进行了阐述，提出了主要气候因素间相似系数095的引种栽培分界线的建议，为大樱桃的科学引种栽培及规模化发展提供指导。

Abstract:

Because of the earlier fruit maturity, the higher nutrition value and the ideal economic benefit, the sweet cherry has recently become one of the fastest developing fruit varieties in China. However, the cultivation of the sweet cherry is not successful because it can be easily affected by the climate change, and the studies on the climate suitability for the introduction and cultivation are insufficient, there are some problems such as the severely aimless regional introduction and cultivation, the unsuccessful plantation with the scattering distribution and the small plantation area, the lower production , the poor fruit quality , the focused marketing , the weak market competition competence and the lower economic benefits. Aiming to study the climate suitability of sweet cherry in the introduction and cultivation areas of the south-east parts of Gansu province, this paper compared the climate condition of Qincheng district of Tianshui city with the origin place in Europe, and divided the introduction and cultivation areas of sweetcherry of Gansu province based onthe five typical factors, including the average annual temperature, the annual rainfall , the annual sunshine duration , the effective accumulated temperature above 10℃ and the frostless period. The areas can be classify into the best suitable region, the suitable region, the relatively suitable region, the appropriate region and the unsuitable region using the methods of the clustering-based and similar coefficient-oriented analysis. Finally, it put forward the development strategies of sweet cherry in the planting areas and proposed the cultivation boundary according to the0.95 coefficient of the main climate factors between study area and European.The results could offer the guidance for the scientific introduction and cultivation and the large-scale development of sweet cherry.