中国农业环境监测阶段划分、评判分析与改进思路

THE STAGE, EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT IDEA OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN CHINA

关键词:  农业环境监测 特征 问题 目标 对策

Key words:  agricultural environmental monitoring  characteristic  problem  target  countermeasure

摘要:

作为农业环境保护的“前哨”和基础，中国农业环境监测始于20世纪70年代，至今已40余年。多年来，中国农业环境监测不断向前发展，获取了丰富的数据信息，为农业环境保护与管理决策提供了有力支撑。近年来，随着农业环境保护与农产品安全形势变化，农业环境监测需要及时总结与改进。文章基于历史回顾、现状分析、未来发展的宏观视角，运用归纳总结、评判分析、层次分析等方法，全面系统地对中国农业环境监测进行阶段划分、特征概括与评判分析，提出改进目标与思路。结论为：中国农业环境监测可划分为3个阶段，具体为“提出建立阶段（1970～1990年）”，主要特征可概括为“理念-思路-机构-职责”，“应用拓展阶段（1991～2005年）”，主要特征可概括为“制度-方案-监测”，“规范完善阶段（2006年至今）”，主要特征可概括为“长期定位-动态趋势-预测预警”； 从宏观层面评判分析了法律依据、管理机制等问题，中观层面评判分析了规划布局问题，微观层面评判分析了数据管理、结果评价问题； 明确了改进目标与思路，针对性地提出了完善法律法规、解决管理障碍、科学规划布局、开展大数据管理，以及加强科学研究的改进对策，以期推进农业环境监测健康发展，为农业环境保护与管理决策提供持续支撑。

Abstract:

As the sentinel and the foundation of agricultural environmental protection, agricultural environmental monitoring in China had been conducted more than 40 years since 1970s. During the past years agricultural environmental monitoring has developed continuously and gained a lot of data and information, which provided a strong support for the agricultural environmental protection, management and decision. However, with the change in agricultural environment and agricultural product quality security in recent years, agricultural environmental monitoring needs to be summarized and improved timely. Based on the macro perspective of the historical review, the analysis of present situation, and the future development, this paper divided,evaluated and analyzed the stage and the characteristic of China's agricultural environmental monitoring using the methods of inductive summary, evaluation and analysis, and hierarchical analysis method, and finally put forward some countermeasures. The results showed that China's agricultural environmental monitoring can be divided into the three stages, that is the establishment stage(1970-1990) which can be summarized as the "concept-idea-institution-responsibility", the application and expansion stage (1991-2005) which can be summarized as the "regulation-project-complement", and the improvement stage(2006-) which can be summarized as the "long-term-trend-forecast-warning". The paper also analyzed the problems of legal basic and management mechanism from a macro level, the planning and layout from a medium level, and the data management and evaluation from a micro level. At last, it put forward the target and ideas for solving the problems, such as perfecting laws and regulation, solving management obstacle, planning the layout scientifically, managing big data, which would provide continuous support for agricultural environmental protection and management.