城镇化背景下中国农村家庭住房的集约性特征分析

ANANALYSIS OF THE INTENSIVEFEATURE OFCHINA'SRURAL FAMILY HOUSING IN THE CONTEXT OF URBANIZATION

关键词:  中国 城镇化 农村 家庭住房 集约性特征

Key words:  China  urbanization  rural  family housing  intensive feature

摘要:

中国土地资源稀缺而住房需求庞大，长期形成的农村家庭住房粗放建设惯性与当前城镇化的快速 增长因素相互叠加，会造成资源与资金的浪费，不利于农村的可持续发展，因此须提倡面向集约型的农村 家庭住房模式。为此，文章设计投资强度、用地强度及使用强度等3个集约性指标来分析城镇化背景下中 国农村家庭住房的集约性特征，以期为有关工作提供参考。首先总结各指标的省际差异与空间格局特征， 再聚类分析集约类型特征，接着考察背景因素人口城镇化率与影响因素农村收入水平、村庄用地宽松程 度、地形平坦程度、农村人口净流出强度等对农村家庭住房集约性的影响，最后结合城镇化率水平差异探 讨各省农村家庭住房集约化的态势。研究表明:2010年时，各省之间农村收入水平与投资强度、用地强度 呈正相关性，与使用强度呈负相关性;用地紧张的省份，使用强度一般较低，如果同时地形崎岖，则还会 有用地强度较高的特点;农村人口净流出较多的省份，通常用地强度较高且使用强度较低;各省之间随着 城镇化率变高，投资强度增大的趋势比较明显，但使用强度未呈现显著的单向变化，住房高度则呈现差异 化发展格局。各省的现状集约性程度存在与其城镇化率水平不相称的情形，由此可能导致资源与资金的浪 费，值得引起关注并加以干预。

Abstract:

China's land resources are scarce， but the housing demands are big. As the urbanization growing rapid- ly，the extensive habits of rural family housing construction which formed in a long time may lead to waste capital and resources and impede the sustainable development of rural，so an intensive form of rural family housing must be advocated. To give some reference for related works， this paper designed three indexes: investment intensity， land using intensity and using intensity， and analyzed the intensive feature of China's rural family housing in the context of urbanization. And then， it summed up the indexes' differences among provinces and their spatial pattern，ana- lyzed the influence of urbanization，rural income levels， loose degree of village land using， flat degree oftopog- raphyandstrengthof rural population outflows on rural family housing intensification by clustering analysis， and dis- cussed the situation of rural family housing intensification of each province considering the different urbanization rate. The study showed that， in 2010， rural income levels and strength of rural population outflows played a driving role in promoting investment intensity， while flat degree of topography and loose degree of village land using played a restricting role inpromoting land using intensity. With the improvement of urbanization rate， the trend farmer households pursuing high quality of housing was obvious， but the trend pursuing high space of housing was not u- nanimous.The intensive degree status of each province did not match to its urbanization rate because it might be in- fluenced by the flat degree of topography and loose degree of village land using.It should be paid more attention to this condition and take some measures because it would lead to the waste of capital and resources.