农产品市场化对农户土地流入行为的影响研究——以江西省农户调查为例

THE IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MARKET-BASED ON FARMER'S LAND OUTWARD TRANSFERRING——PEASANT HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IN JIANGXI PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  农产品市场化 土地流入 Heckman两阶段模型

Key words:  agricultural products market-based  land outward transferring  Heckman two-stage model

摘要:

随着中国市场经济的繁荣发展，农产品市场化程度不断提高，土地资源作为农业生产最重要的物质基础，农业经营者在一定的制度环境约束下将土地围绕外部利润进行博弈，选择更加有利的土地经营方式，成为土地流转的主要驱动力。文章利用江西省834份农户调查样本数据，运用Heckman两阶段模型实证分析了农产品市场化对农户土地流入行为的影响。研究结果表明农产品市场化对农户土地流入行为存在显著的影响，主要表现在离农贸市场距离、农产品销售比例等变量上。另外，农业劳动时间比、土地细碎化与户主年龄、性别、教育年限、务农年限及5年内担任村干部亲属的人数、参加农村合作社等因素均对农户土地流入行为产生不同程度影响。基于此，该文对如何有效引导与推进农村土地市场化流转提出了加快农贸市场超市化改造，完善农产品流通模式； 建立健全农村社会保障体系，替代土地的社会保障功能； 大力发展农村教育，提高农业经营者的文化素质与受教育水平； 鼓励农户在自愿基础上成立土地股份型农民专业合作社，引导农民由传统的产销合作向新型的产权合作方向发展等政策建议。

Abstract:

With the prosperity and development of China's market economy, agricultural products market-based degree was continuously improved.Land resources as the most important material base of agricultural production, were gamed by the agricultural operators around external profits in the environmental constrains.To choose a more benefit land management becomes a key driving force of land circulation. This paper analyzed the impact of agricultural products market-based on farmer's land outward transferring using Hecckman two-stage model and 834 sample data from Jiangxi Province. The results showed that agricultural products market-based had great influence on farmland inflow, such as the distance of the farmers market, the proportion of sales of agricultural products.In addition, the factors such as percentage of farming time, land fragmentation, along with peasant household's age and gender, years of education and farming, and the number of relatives as village cadres within five years, members of rural cooperatives had different impacts on farmer's land area outward transferring. Finally, the paper made some policy recommendations such as speeding up the transformation from farmers market to the supermarket to perfect circulation patterns of agricultural products; establishing and developing a social security system to replace social security functions of land; vigorously developing the rural education to improve farmers' cultural quality and level of education; and encouraging farmers to set up land shares type agricultural cooperatives on a voluntary basis,guiding farmers to develop cooperation transforming from traditional production and marketing cooperation to the new property cooperation.