农村劳动力结构性短缺的影响因素分析——基于湖南省224份问卷的调查

THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCING FACTORS ON THE STRUCTURAL SHORTAGE OF RURAL LABOR ——BASED ON 224 QUESTIONNAIRES SURVEY IN HUNAN

关键词:  农村劳动力 结构性短缺 影响因素 因子分析 人力资本

Key words:  rural labor  structural shortage  influence factors  factor analysis  human capital

摘要:

随着农村劳动力不同质的转移，大量农村地区出现了劳动力老龄化、妇女化、低素质化等现象，留守的农村劳动力出现了严重的结构性短缺，农村劳动力一定程度的畸形转移与结构性缺失，使得农村发展过渡到了一个瓶颈阶段。文章基于224户农户的调查数据，运用因子分析方法，对影响农村劳动力结构性短缺的因素进行了实证分析。模型结果表明：农村劳动力结构性短缺受人力资本、家庭、收入、就业因素的影响。其中，（1）人力资本因素，人力资本因素的贡献率是最大的，留守农户拥有技能、接受培训与否直接影响着农村劳动力的结构； （2）家庭因素，家庭年纯收入、家庭人口数量、土地经营情况对农村劳动力结构性短缺的影响较大，（3）收入因素，本人月收入的影响权重较大； （4）就业因素，就业因素的影响力度较小，农户从事的行业以及就业地点间接影响农村劳动力结构性短缺。针对模型结果，提出几点政策建议。

Abstract:

With different quality transfer of rural labor, the labor is aging, women-dominated and less educated in many rural areas, and the remaining rural labor is in a serious structural shortage, which led the development of rural areas transit to a bottle neck stage. Based on the survey data of 224 households and by using factor analysis method, this article carried an empirical analysis on the factors which influenced the rural labor structural shortage.The results showed that the structural shortage of rural labor was resulting from human capital, family, income and employment factors, of which the human capital was the dominating factor. In other words, whether the remaining rural labors were skilled or trained directly affected the structure of rural labor. The family annual income, population and soil management situations would contribute great to the structural shortage. The income played a dominating role. Employment was a less-affected factor and types of industries chosen by rural labor and working locations had an indirect influence on the rural labor shortage issue. Finally, it provided some policy suggestions based on the modeling results.