基于县域的吉林省粮食生产及作物结构变化分析

STUDY ON THE CHANGE OF GRAIN PRODUCTION AND THE CROP STRUCTURE OF JILIN PROVINCE AT COUNTY LEVEL

关键词:  粮食生产 粮食作物结构 吉林省 县域

Key words:  grain production  grain plantation structure  Jilin province  county scale

摘要:

吉林省是我国的粮食主产省与商品粮生产基地之一，充分了解其粮食种植结构变化对于指导粮食生产持续稳定发展具有重要的意义。研究以县级行政单元为研究对象，运用统计分析方法与GIS方法，对吉林省1980~2012年30多年来粮食生产及主要粮食作物种植结构的变化进行了时空分析。结果表明：吉林省粮食作物播种面积占农作物播种面积的比例远高于全国平均水平，粮食生产集中度高；近30年来吉林省粮食生产总体形势向好，面积、总产、单产均表现为增加趋势；粮食生产结构也发生了变化，从多元化向专业化方向发展趋势明显，形成了目前以玉米占绝对优势，水稻、大豆为辅的生产格局。在空间布局上，过去30多年来，玉米主要种植区以长春与四平市为中心向西北与东南扩展；水稻主要种植区从中部向西北扩展与从东南向西北转移的趋势。大豆主产区有向东北部聚拢的趋势；基于吉林省粮食生产结构预测，在未来一段时间内，水稻播种面积仍有小幅增长的空间，大豆播种面积可能实现恢复性增长的地区为白城市与松原市，玉米播种面积波动的幅度不会太大。

Abstract:

Jilin Province is one of China's main grain-producing areas and commercial grain bases.Fully understanding its grain plantation structure change is significant for the sustainable and stable development of grain productionThis study analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of grain production and plantation structure using statistical analysis and GIS methods at county levelThe results showed that：（1）The ratio of grain sown area to farm crop sown area in Jilin province was far above the national average，the grain production concentration ratio was relatively high.（2）The grain production situation of Jilin province become better and betterThe total grain output，sown area and grain yield all showed increasing trend.（3）The grain production structure changed from diversification to specialization，forming the production pattern that corn was dominant，rice and soybeans were supplemented in the past 33 yearsThe main plantation regions of corn expanded from the center of Changchun city and Siping city to the northwest and southeast；the main plantation regions of paddy rice expanded from the center to the northwest and transferred from the southeast to the northwest；the main plantation regions of soybean concentrated in the northeast region.（4）In future，based on the current change of the grain plantation structure，there was still a slight increase in paddy rice sown area and a recovery increase in soybean sown area in Baicheng City and Songyuan City，while the corn sown area would not fluctuated too much.