基于市域的中国城乡一体化发展水平评价

EVALUATIONOF URBAN-RURAL INTEGRATION OF CHINA AT CITY LEVEL

关键词:  城乡一体化 市域 评价 中国

Key words:  urban-rural integration  city level  evaluation  China

摘要:

城乡一体化是城镇化的最高阶段和终极目标，城乡一体化发展水平可以反映城乡发展是否协调和可持续。文章从社会、经济、环境和空间等四个方面选取了13个评价指标，构建了以市域为单元的城乡一体化发展水平评价指标体系，综合评价了我国2010年城乡一体化发展水平及其空间分布特征。结果表明：（1）我国社会、经济、环境和空间一体化发展水平中等及以上的市所占比例分别为6250%、7143%、6101%和6190%，经济一体化发展水平相对较好，社会、环境和空间一体化发展水平次之。（2）我国城乡一体化发展水平总体一般。城乡一体化发展水平高、较高、中等、较低、低的市所占比例分别为1310%、2143%、3304%、2381%和863%。（3）社会、经济、空间一体化发展水平与经济发展水平协同性较好，尤其是社会和经济一体化发展水平与经济发展水平具有空间上的重叠性； 空间一体化发展水平差异显著，各等级市集聚连片且圈层结构分布格局明显； 环境一体化发展水平与经济发展水平不协调，部分经济较发达的地区环境一体化发展水平反而较低，并且空间分布复杂，省域内差距较大。（4）城乡一体化发展水平受自然条件、交通、区位和经济发展水平的影响较大，东中西差异明显，与我国的三级阶梯分布具有较高的相似性。城乡一体化发展水平较好的地区主要分布在东南沿海，尤其是的长三角、珠三角以及东部部分省会城市等经济发达地区，而自然条件较差、经济落后的西南部地区是较低城乡一体化发展水平的主要聚集区。

Abstract:

Urban-rural integration is the highest stage and ultimate goal of urbanization. Its level can reflect the coordination and sustainability degree of urban and rural development. From 4 aspects of society, economy, environment and space, this paper constructed an evaluation system of urban-rural integration with 13 indicators at city level and evaluated the level and spatial distribution of urban-rural integration of China in 2010. Results showed that (1) the proportion of cities with highest, higher, and medium grade of social, economic, environmental and spatial integration were 62.50%, 71.43%, 61.01% and 61.90%, respectively. The economy integration was better than the social, environmental and spatial integration. (2) China was at the moderate level of urban-rural integration, compared to developed countries. The proportion of cities with the highest, higher, medium, lower, lowest level of urban-rural integration was 13.10%, 21.43%, 33.04%, 23.81% and 8.63%, respectively. (3)The level of society, economy and spatial integration, except environment integration, was consistent with the economic development level. (4)Due to the impact of the economic development, transportation, location and natural condition, it showed a significant spatial distribution difference of urban-rural integration level among the east, middle and west of China, which was similar to the spatial distribution of three-step terrain in China. Cities with high levels of urban-rural integration mainly located in Pearl river delta, Yangtze river delta in southeastern coastal areas, and some provincial cities and surrounding developed area. In contrast, cities in southwestern China were the main area with lower level of urban-rural integration.