基于乡镇单元视角的都市型现代农业发展区域比较——以北京市大兴区为例

THE COMPARISON OF URBAN MODERN AGRICULTURE IN DIFFERENT TOWNS——A CASE STUDY IN DAXING DISTRICT，BEIJING

关键词:  都市型现代农业 地区比较 逐步判别聚类法（K-means） 发展特征

Key words:  urban modern agriculture  area comparison  k-means  developing characteristics

摘要:

随着城市化的发展，都市型现代农业对于地区发展具有重要意义。近年来北京市各地区都市型现代农业的功能在不断得到拓展，为了更便于针对地区特点制定相应的区域发展政策和对策，针对北京市大兴区10个乡镇的都市农业发展进行了地区间比较分析。首先，从地区生产功能、经济社会效益、资源禀赋以及农业现代化等4个方面对各乡镇农业发展特征进行了描述。其次，依据4项评价准则建立包含16个评价指标的指标体系，采用逐步判别聚类法（K-means）将研究对象分为经济社会效益高水平、农业生产功能高水平、农业现代化高水平以及综合发展高水平4类地区。最后，根据各类地区的农业发展特征结合大兴区整体发展提出了相应的对策建议：对于第一类地区，农业发展应定位于高新农业科技园区和农产品商贸服务区；对于第二类地区，应注重提升特色产业、积极发展现代农业休闲度假功能；对于第三类地区，应加强农业科技园区建设，建设瓜果配送基地；对于第四类地区，应发展农业产业化经营，鼓励农业生产向集约化、商品化转型。

Abstract:

With the development of urbanization，urban modern agriculture has important significance to regional development.In recent years，the functions of urban modern agriculture in each district in Beijing have been extended and each district seems to have its unique characteristics.Thus unify policies for all districts may not fit modern agriculture in each district well and specialized polices are needed.To make proper district development polices for different districts，the characteristics of different types of modern agriculture should be surveyed.This paper compared urban modern agriculture of 10 towns in Daxing district，i.e.，Huangcun，Panggezhuang，Beizang，Yufa，Lixian，Qingyun，Caiyu，Anding，Weishan，Changziying.Firstly，this paper described the characteristics of agriculture development in 10 towns from the aspects of agriculture production function，economic and social benefits，natural resources and agricultural modernization.Secondly，it built up an evaluation index system consisting of 16 indexes by adopting K-means cluster，and classified 10 towns in four categories：towns with high levels of economic and social benefits，i.e.，Huangcun；towns with high levels of agriculture production function，i.e.，Panggezhuang，Beizang and Yufa；towns with high levels of agricultural modernization，i.e.，Lixian；towns with high levels of comprehensive development，i.e.，Qingyun，Caiyu，Anding，Weishan，Changziying.Thirdly，according to the characteristics of each town and the development of Daxing district，it put forward some development suggestions for each town.For the first category，i.e.，Huangcun，since the traditional agriculture production mode had been replaced by industrialized mode，the development of agriculture should focus on agricultural biotechnology park and agricultural trade service.For the second category，due to the high score in the index of agriculture production function，it should encourage specialty agriculture and develop leisure function of modern agriculture.For the third category owning comparative advantage on agriculture resources endowment and on agriculture modernization，it should strengthen the development of agricultural biotechnology park as well as fruit delivery base.For the fourth category with comparative advantages on agriculture resources endowment and on raising livestock，it should develop the industrialization of agriculture and encourage agricultural transformation toward intensification and commercialization.