中国蔬菜区域生产优势度演变分析

CHANGES OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF RGIONAL VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA

关键词:  蔬菜生产 区域比较优势 中国

Key words:  vegetable production  regional comparative advantages  China

摘要:

近年来，跨区域的蔬菜供应已经成为常态，大市场、大流通的蔬菜供需格局基本形成，开展新形势下中国蔬菜生产优势度演变研究，对正确引导蔬菜生产布局，推动区域供需匹配具有重要意义。文章在分析中国省域蔬菜播种面积与产量变动的基础上，通过构建区域蔬菜生产优势度指数，探讨了1995~2013年间中国区域蔬菜生产优势空间格局演变，并分析了引起变化的主要因素。结果表明，研究期内我国各地区播种面积与产量变化表现出了明显的空间差异性，面积、产量主要增加区分布在黄淮海平原，增加幅度显著的区域多为西北、西南的边远地区，产量比重北升南降，东减西增。区域蔬菜生产综合优势为东、中、西顺序递减，但东部地区生产领先优势正在逐步减弱，指数平均值下降了004，西部地区则上升了019；区域生产优势变动是区域经济发展定位、农业结构调整、比较收益变化与科技创新驱动等因素共同作用的结果。未来，应该遵循比较优势原则，优化蔬菜生产布局。东部地区，尤其是大都市区域，应防止生产优势的大幅下滑，保障区域蔬菜有效供给。

Abstract:

The scholars of eco-geographers think that regional differences is a common phenomenon in the process of industry development as to the spatial differentiation of resource endowments，geographical conditions，and so on.The theory of comparative advantage has been developed，and applied to the field of agriculture by researchers at home and abroad aiming to guide agricultural industry layout.In recent years，there are great changes in the regional layout of vegetable production under the influences of policy promoting，demand guiding，comparative profit and technological innovation，and vegetable supply and demand pattern characterized by “big market，great circulation” has been basically formed in China.It is of great significance to study the comparative advantages in regional vegetable production for promoting the region matching supply and demand.Based on the analysis of China's provincial vegetable planting area and production，the changes of spatial pattern of regional vegetable production in China during 1995 to 2013 and the major driving factors were discussed by the index of regional vegetable production advantages.Results showed that the changes of vegetable planting area and production showed an obviously spatial difference in China during the study period.Regions with increase of planting area and production were mainly located in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain；and that in the remote areas of northwest and southwest had a significant increase speed.The proportion of the production increased in North and West，and decreased in South and East.The vegetable planting area in Northern China and Western China increased by 0.7% and 5%，respectively，while the vegetable production area in Eastern China decreased by 6%.The vegetable production advantage decreased progressively from east to west.However，the leading advantage of eastern China was gradually reducing and its index of production advantages fell into 0.04，while the index of western China increased to 0.19.The changes of regional vegetable production advantages can be attributed to the orientation of economic development，adjustment of agricultural structure，change of comparative profit，and the innovation of science and technology.Because of the characteristics in vegetable's circulation，consumption and spatial differentiation，the risk of vegetable industry，especially in sales areas had increased under the pattern of “big market，great circulation”.In the future，the vegetable production should be optimized according to regional comparative advantage，and the eastern China，especially the metropolitan areas，should prevent the sharply decline of production advantages to ensure its effective supply of vegetables.