我国耕作单元演变特征及影响因素研究

STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF FARMING UNIT IN CHINA

关键词:  耕作单元 演变 细碎化 规模化经营

Key words:  farming unit  evolution  fragmentation  large-scale management

摘要:

文章运用文献研究法及描述性研究法，从耕作单元角度出发，分析自新中国成立以来耕作单元变化情况及影响因素，对比分析各时期地块单元与耕作单元关系，揭示我国耕作单元演变过程特征及影响因素。结果表明：我国耕作单元形成，是在地理环境、经济发展、制度等多种因素共同作用下形成的。除20世纪50年代后期到70年代后期，这段时间由于特殊的政治原因导致的耕作单元面积较大较为集中以外，我国的耕作单元一直处于面积较小且分散存在的状态。解放初期以来，受自然条件限制、社会经济、科学技术和制度等因素影响，我国耕作单元经历了面积小且分散—面积较小较分散—面积较大且较集中—面积小且分散—面积较小且较分散—面积较大且较集中的变化过程。研究结论：耕作地块是农户土地利用选择的基础单元，也是经营效率衡量的基础单位，只有了解耕作单元的演变过程，才能对规模经营实际状况进行准确评价，为相关政策制定和工程项目实施提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Thispaper analyzed the change of farming unit and its influencing factors since early liberation period, compared the farming unit with the block unit,and revealed the evolution mechanism of farming unit in China. Methods employed in this paper were documentary data analysis and descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the farming unit in Chinawas formed in the interaction condition of various factors of geographical environment, economic development, the institution,etc. Except the late 1950′s to the late 1970′s when the special political reasons led to the large farming unit,the farming unit in China was small and fragment.Because of the natural conditions,social economy,science and technology system, and other factors, the farming unit experienced a series of changes since the early liberation period. It concluded that the farming land was the basic unit of rural households′ land use, and also the measure unitof operational efficiency.Therefore, it was necessary to understand the formation and evolution mechanism of farming unit for providing a scientific basis for relevant policy formulation and implementation of project.