河南省水稻生产成本收益分析

THE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF RICE PRODUCTION IN HENAN PROVINCE

关键词:  河南省 水稻 生产成本 收益 物质与服务费用

Key words:  Henan province  rice  cost of production  income  material and service fees

摘要:

探讨河南省水稻节约成本途径和方法，增加水稻收益，对于调整河南省农业生产结构和稳定地区粮食安全具有重要意义。文章利用实地调研和成本分析相结合的方法，对河南省水稻生产中的收益指标，如物质与服务费、土地成本和人工成本进行了深入研究，明确了成本收益的变化规律。总生产成本结果分析表明，物质与服务费用占有比例最高，人工成本逐年增长，土地成本年波动较小，而在物质与服务费中，机械作业费和化肥费是最主要的影响因素，两者占物质与服务费的比例超过60%。而种子费、灌溉费、农药费占物质服务费的比例不高，均在12%左右。收益分析表明，近年来河南省水稻成本收益趋于稳定，但在2009年和2011年收益率出现下降现象，主要原因是单位面积产量降低和物质与服务费价格的增长。此外，该文从加强稻田水利等基础设施建设、加大种粮补贴力度、稳定农业生产资料价格等方面提出对策建议。

Abstract:

Exploring the ways and means to save rice cost and increase rice income isimportant to adjust the structure of agricultural production and ensure food security in Henan Province. In this paper, the methods of field investigation and cost analysis were adapted to study the income indicators such as material and service costs, land costs and labor costs in Henan Province rice production, and the variation of costs and benefits werediscussed. The results showed that,among the total cost of production,the material and service costs occupied the highest proportion, the labor costs increased year by year, and the cost of land changed a little. But forthe material and service charges, the mechanical operation costs and fertilizer costs werethe most important factors, which accounted more than 60% of the material and service costs. The cost of seeds, irrigation, and pesticide was around 12%of the material and service costs. Benefit analysis showed that the rice cost-benefitwas stable in Henan Province in recent years, but the profitability declined in 2009 and 2011due tothe reducing of the per unit area yield and the increase of material price and service cost. Finally, some suggestions were proposed from strengthening the structure of water conservancy and other infrastructure construction, increasing grain subsidies, stabilizing agricultural production and prices. etc.