农民收入影响因素的理论、实证与对策

REVIEW ON THE THRORY, EMPIRICALAND COUNTERMEASURES OF FARMERS′ INCOME INFLUENCE FACTORS

关键词:  农民收入 影响因素 理论 实证 对策 文献综述

Key words:  farmers′ income  influence factors  theory  empirical  countermeasures  literature review

摘要:

农民收入的增长事关“三农”全局，决定着全面建设小康社会的总目标和“两个一百年奋斗目标”是否能够顺利实现。农民收入增长的影响因素引起了许多学者的关注和研究。国内外文献研究早就显示：农民收入低且不稳的这种状况，不但是发展中国家的难题，而且是发达国家的难题，更是现代国家发展中存在的一大难题。国外学者的研究主要在于建构了以二元经济理论、倒U曲线理论、人力资本理论、制度创新理论以及人口流动理论为代表的经典理论模型，试图找到农民收入增长的源泉。国内学者则主要通过实证表明，制度化缺陷、城镇化发展、人力资本投资、农村金融发展与农业科技进步是影响我国农民收入增长的重要因素。当前，应该从优化制度环境、统筹城乡发展、积累人力资本、改革金融体制以及创新农业科技等方面入手，多管齐下，破解农民增收瓶颈，促进农民收入的稳定可持续增长。

Abstract:

The growth of farmers′ income is a matter of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", which determines the overall goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and "two goals in one hundred".Since the reform and opening, with the development of economy, the rural residents′ income level has improved significantly.The per capita net income increased from 133.6 yuan in 1978 to7917 yuan in 2012, the Engel coefficient of rural residents also fell from 66.7 in 1978 to 39.3 in 2012, but the farmers′ income problem was still outstandingat home and abroad.The influencing factors of farmers′ income have attracted the attentions of many scholars.Literature research at home and abroad showed that farmers′ income was low and instable.Foreign scholars mainly focused on the construction of the classical theory model such as the dual economic theory, inverted U curve theory, human capital theory, institutional innovationtheory, and the population flow theory, and tried to find the source of the farmers′ income growth.Domestic research mainly concentrated in the empirical analysis which showed that the institutional defects, urbanization development and human capital investment, rural financial development and agricultural science and technology progress werethe important factors to affect farmers′ income growth in China.It suggested that it should optimize system environment, balance urban and rural development, accumulate human capital, reform the financial system and innovate agricultural science and technology,and break the bottleneck of increasing farmers′ incomethrough a multi-prongedto promote the farmers′ income.