家庭农场与其它农业经营组织的比较分析

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FAMILY FARM AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL OPERATION ORGANIZATIONS

关键词:  家庭农场 专业大户 农民专业合作社 农业企业 新型农业经营主体

Key words:  family farms  large and specialized family businesses  farmers′ professional cooperatives  agricultural enterprises  new agricultural business entities

摘要:

家庭农场是以家庭组织为基础，以追求利润为目的，通过土地集中形成适度规模，实行商品化生产、集约化经营的新型农业经营组织。家庭农场在家庭经营、社会化生产、适度规模等方面有独特的内涵。文章对比分析了家庭农场与专业大户、农民专业合作社、农业企业等新型农业经营主体的异同。研究结果表明，家庭农场与专业大户相比，在家庭经营、土地规模、土地来源等方面有相似之处，在工商登记、制度规范化等方面区别较大。家庭农场与农民专业合作社在工商注册登记、适度规模经营方面相似，但两者在规模经营的前提条件、规模化途径、经营方式等方面存在较大差别。家庭农场与农业企业相比，都是国家积极培育的新型农业经营主体，但两者在组织形式、监督费用、分工水平、生产要素来源方面有明显不同。多种新型农业经营主体共存，并不矛盾，无高低优劣之分。国家鼓励发展多种形式的适度规模经营，本身就是一种较为灵活的制度创新。

Abstract:

Family farm is a new type of agricultural management organization from the family organization.The purpose of family farm is to have the maximum profits.It forms a moderate scale through the land transfer mode，the implementation of commercial production and intensive management.Family farms have unique connotation in the family business，social production，moderate scale and other aspects.This paper analyzedthe similarities and differences between family farms and professional investors，farmers′ cooperatives，agricultural enterprises.The results showed that there were similarities in family management，land scale，land source and so on，which weredifferent in the industrial and commercial registration，standardization etc.betweenthe family farm and professional family.Therewere similarities in the industrial and commercial registration，moderate scale management，but they weredifferent in the scale of operation，the scale of the path，the way of operation betweenthe family farms and farmers′ professional cooperatives.Family farms and agricultural enterprises werenew types of agricultural businesses，but they were different in the form of organization，supervision cost，division of labor and production factors.A variety of new agricultural business entities can coexist and be not contradictory，because the State encouraged the development of various forms of moderate scale management which was a more flexible system of innovation.