农村土地“三权分置”的制约因素及路径研究

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE FACTORS AND PATHS OF THREE RIGHTS SEPARATION OFTHE COLLECTIVE RURALLAND

关键词:  三权分置 农村土地 农村土地承包权 产权制度 经营权

Key words:  three rights separation  the rural land  contractual right of the rural land  the system of the property right  managerial right

摘要:

实现农村土地的承包权、所有权、经营权“三权分置”的农村土地制度，可以有效解决我国现行土地产权面临的困境，对推进农村土地关系变革具有重要意义。文章对农村土地“三权分置”的实施背景进行阐述；分析了农村土地“三权分置”实施过程中存在的制约因素，如由于法律体系不健全带来的制度性障碍，三权利益互相博弈导致利益关系失衡的经济性障碍，以及由于配套政策法规不健全造成的经营权受限的政策性障碍。同时，该文提出了完善法律体系，加强政府扶持，强化政策引导；强化对经营权流转的监督管理；完善相应配套机制，实现经营权的抵押权能；促进经营权和承包权主体利益达到平衡等方面路径措施，旨在为制度的合理实施提供一定政策参考。

Abstract:

To realize the rural land system of “three rights separation”（i.e.，the land rights of contract，ownership and management）can effectively solve the problems of the current land property rights in China，which is of great significance to promote the reform of the rural land relationship.This paper described the background of the implementation of the “three rights separation” of rural land，and clarified the restriction factors，such asthe institutional barrier due to the imperfection of the legal system，economic obstacle because of the game of three rights，andthe policy barrier because of the limited management rightand the imperfection of the supporting mechanism.Therefore，it put forward several measures from some aspects to provide the policy referencefor the system of reasonable implementation，such as perfecting the legal system，strengthening government′s support and policy guidance，strengthening the supervision and management of managerial right，improving the corresponding mechanism，realizing the right of managerial right′s mortgage，and promote the balance between contractual right and managerial right′s interests of the subject.