北京都市农业多功能性动态

THE DYNAMICS OF MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY OF URBAN AGRICULTURE，A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING CITY

关键词:  都市农业 综合功能 多功能性 时空动态 北京市

Key words:  urban agriculture  integrated function  multi-functional  spatial and temporal dynamics  Beijing city

摘要:

农业多功能性指农业在保证粮食和其他农产品供给的同时，兼具经济、生态、文化等多重功能的特性。发挥农业的多功能性是现代都市农业发展与进步的一个必然趋势，对于实现农业可持续发展及建设“宜居城市”意义重大。在此背景下，以北京市为例，基于层次分析法从农业经济、生态及社会3方面筛选相关指标，定量评价2001、2011年北京都市农业综合功能，明晰北京都市农业多功能性的演变特征。研究结果表明：（1）从单功能动态来看，研究时段内北京都市农业经济功能、社会功能和生态功能整体上呈现减弱趋势；（2）从农业综合功能的变化情况来看，研究区13个涉农区（县）中9个呈现农业综合功能减弱的趋势，唯有平谷、海淀、密云出现增强，延庆大致不变；（3）2001年，北京都市农业多功能优势区分布于门头沟、平谷、大兴、顺义等4区（县），2011年则以密云和平谷的都市农业多功能性最强。从农业多功能性变化情况来看，密云、平谷、海淀、朝阳等4区（县）的农业多功能性显著增强，延庆、怀柔、昌平、通州、丰台等5区（县）基本保持不变，其余区（县）趋于减弱。2001～2011年北京都市农业整体呈现综合功能减弱而多功能性增强的变化特征，为大都市区农业可持续发展决策提供了重要参考。

Abstract:

Agriculture is an essential foundation of human development.With the accelerating urbanization and rapid economic development，urban agriculture which is closely related to urban development has become the direction of contemporary agricultural development.The focus of urban agriculture includes not only economic function but also ecological function，social function，cultural function，and many other functions.Thus，agricultural multi-functionality promotes the process of urban agriculture，and has become one of the key topics in agricultural function researches.Agricultural multi-functionality means agriculture can not only ensure the supply of agricultural food but also undertake the task of environmental protection，landscape aesthetics，and cultural heritage，which is the key to achieving agricultural sustainable development.The integrated function of agriculture including various single function，such as economic function，social function，ecological function，and cultural function，are the basis of agricultural multi-functionality assessment.However，most of the research focused on the static analysis of agricultural multi-functionality，while ignored the dynamics of agricultural multi-functionality.In this study，integrated function of urban agriculture was quantified in 2001 and 2011，together with the assessment of agricultural multi-functionality dynamics，taking Beijing City as a study case.The results showed that：（1）the economic，social，and ecological function of urban agriculture in Beijing City decreased in the whole.As for economic function，it increased in Miyun District，Pinggu District，and Mentougou District，and decreased in the rest 10 districts.In regard to social function，it increased in Haidian District，Chaoyang District，Miyun District，Huairou District，and Yanqing District，and decreased in the rest 8 districts.In terms of ecological function，it increased in Pinggu District，Yanqing District，Haidian District，and Mentougou District，and decreased in the rest 9 districts；（2）the integrated function of urban agriculture increased in Pinggu District，Miyun District，and Haidian District，roughly unchanged in Yanqing District，and decreased in the rest 9 districts；（3）agricultural multi-functional areas were distributed in Mentougou District，Pinggu District，Daxing District，and Shunyi District in 2001，and in Miyun District and Pinggu District in 2011.During the study period，agricultural multi-functionality was mainly keeping and increasing in Beijing City.In Miyun District，Pinggu District，Haidian District，and Chaoyang District，agricultural multi-functionality increased，and in Yanqing District，Huairou District，Changping District，Tongzhou District，and Fengtai District，agricultural multi-functionality unchanged，with the decreasing of agricultural multi-functionality in the rest 4 districts.On the one hand，the overall agricultural function was weakened due to the accelerating urbanization，and as a result，the integrated function of urban agriculture decreased.On the other hand，the multi-functionality increased due to the increasingly diversified agricultural structure.The characteristics of spatial and temporal variations of agricultural multi-functionality in Beijing City provided important decision supporting for accurate positioning and efficient allocation of urban agriculture of the capital.