黔东南州农业经营主体调查及利益分配机制研究

RESEARCH ON BENEFIT ALLOCATION MECHANISMBY INVESTIGATING PRINCIPAL PART OF AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENTIN QIANDONGNAN PREFECTURE IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE

关键词:  黔东南州 农业经营主体 农业产业化 利益分配 机制

Key words:  Qiandongnan prefecture in Guizhou Province  principal part of agricultural management  agricultural industrialization  benefit allocation  mechanism

摘要:

文章调查分析了黔东南州农业经营主体及其利益分配机制，发现目前的经营主体发展中存在利益分配不合理、应对风险能力弱、政府职能发挥不充分和与农民之间关系不紧密的问题。为实现农业经营主体利益关系优化的目标，首先要从信息、谈判、合作、生产技术和协调几个方面提高农民的能力，改造传统农民；其次要发挥政府部门和“龙头”组织的作用，特别是定位在对传统农民的教育上。总之，各种利益主体均是组织的形式，而不是分散的个人行为，从而使农业产业化形成一种集体行动的合力，如果农民的组织化程度很低，经营主体在直接与众多分散的农户打交道的过程中，交易和监督成本均难以降低，结果是制度也难以履行。相反，农民组织化程度提高，使经营主体与农户的关系处在一定的制度氛围内，共同制定的制度也易得到遵循和监督。

Abstract:

This paper investigated andanalyzed principal part of agricultural management and benefit allocation mechanism in Qiandongnan Prefecture in Guizhou Province.There were many problems in developing of principal part of agricultural management，including that benefit distribution werenot reasonable，the ability of responding to risks was weak，the government functions were not fully developed，and the relationship between farmers and principal part of agricultural management was not closely related.To achieve the goal of optimizing the relationship in principal parts of agricultural management，itfirstlyneeded to improve farmers′ ability of information，negotiation，cooperation，coordination and technical production aspects，and to transform traditional farmers to modern farmers.Secondly，it must play the role of government and “leading” organizations to training traditional farmers.In short，principal parts of agricultural managementshould be organized rather than scattered to individual behavior，and the industrialization of agriculture can attain a concerted efforts by collective actions.If the degree of organization of farmers was very low，transaction and monitoring costs were difficult to reduce in the progress ofprincipal parts of agricultural managementfacing with scattered farmers.On the contrary，if the degree of organization of farmers was high，the institutions that formulated jointly will be easily followedand supervised.