我国耕地质量状况与提升对策

SITUATION OF THE QUALITY OF ARABLE LAND IN CHINA AND IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY

关键词:  耕地质量 状况 中低产田 提升措施

Key words:  arable land quality  situation of soil quality  middle and low yield land  improvement measures and strategy

摘要:

耕地是最宝贵的农业资源和最重要的生产要素。耕地质量关乎国家粮食安全、农产品质量安全和农业生态安全，提升耕地质量是促进粮食生产和农业可持续发展的迫切需要。我国耕地质量整体偏低、退化和污染严重、占优补劣现象普遍。根据耕地质量存在的这些问题，提出我国耕地质量提升的目标是：（1）土壤有机质含量总体提高； （2）土壤养分资源利用效率提高，土壤障碍因子得到消减或控制； （3）高标准农田布局和比例合理化； （4）耕地质量监测网络化。建议我国耕地质量提升采取如下措施与对策：（1）开展全国耕地质量调查； （2）构建全国农田土壤质量监测网络和研究野外台站两大平台； （3）开展便捷施用技术，高效、循环利用的“有机肥资源利用”工程； （4）实施中低产田改良与污染土壤修复的“土壤障碍因子消减”工程。研究对进一步强化耕地质量建设、推动实施耕地质量保护与提升行动具有重要参考价值。

Abstract:

Arable land is the most valuable agricultural resource and the most important production factor. Quality of arable land is highly related to national food security, quality and safety of agricultural products and agricultural ecological security, and it is an urgent need to promote the sustainable development of food and agriculture. Based on the importance of the arable land quality, this paper analyzed the situation and problems of the quality of arable land in China. The problems were that the quality was overall low, degradation and pollution was serious, and the phenomenon of farmland dominant and repair was common. And then it put forward the goals of improvement of the quality of arable land in China. First,soil organic content increased generally. Second,the utilization efficiency of soil nutrient resources should be improved, and the soil barrier factors were reduced or controlled. Third, the layout and proportion of high standard farmland was reasonable. Fourthly,the monitoring network of cultivated land quality was established. At the same time, the measures and improvement strategies for arable land quality in China were pointed as following: (1)to carry out the investigation of cultivated land quality in China；(2) to establish two platforms including a national network of soil quality monitoring and the field research stations; (3)to carry out the convenient application technology, and the recycling use of "organic fertilizer resource utilization" project efficiently; (4) to implement the construction of "soil barrier factor reduction" to improve low yield farmland and remedy contaminated soils. This study provided valuable references to promote the implementation of protection and improvement of cultivated land quality in order to further strengthen the construction of cultivated land quality in China.