中国循环农业发展评估——政策回顾与对辽中县的调研案例

MEASURES TO SPREAD CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE IN CHINA——POLICY REVIEWS AND A CASE STUDY OF LIAOZHONG COUNTY

关键词:  循环农业 政策评析 个案研究 非参数检验 辽中县

Key words:  circular agriculture  policy reviews  case study  nonparametric test  Liaozhong County

摘要:

循环农业涉及农业废弃物的循环性利用和资源保护等方面，在中国获得了越来越多的关注。当前对循环农业的政府干预手段较多，但目的和手段都不尽相同。因此，有必要对这些政策系统化，并进行深入了解，提出具体建议，以促进循环农业发展。研究总结中国有关循环农业发展的现行政策，揭示影响其发展的关键因素，选择辽宁省沈阳市辽中县为案例，通过比较分析循环农业和非循环农业的农业管理方式差异，揭示农民培训的重要性。研究结果表明，循环农业生产者使用农家肥的比例（38%）明显高于非循环农业生产者（6%），使用化肥的比例（90%）低于非循环农业生产者（98%）。每种作物的U-STAT和模式都显示循环农业生产者比非循环农业生产者使用更少的农家肥和化肥。循环农业生产者玉米的产量明显高于非循环农业生产者。许多循环农业生产者使用化肥，其数量与非循环农业生产者使用的并没有很大的区别。因此，为了推动循环农业发展，传授循环农业技术，开展具体技术培训和信息服务比简单的宣传更为重要。

Abstract:

Circular agriculture (CA) refers to the circular use of agricultural waste and the conservation of resources, which has attracted increasing attention in China. In 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and relevant ministries issued the National Plan of Sustainable Agricultural Development 2015-2030. The plan aims to promote CA and achieve zero emissions from agricultural waste by 2030. The MOA also issued bills to target zero growth of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 2020. Many researchers have studied CA, and in order to disseminate CA techniques to farmers, they recommended interventions such as advertisements to enhance the recognition of CA, technical training, expanding farmland, increasing farmers′ income, and support for leading enterprises. However, it is not clear from these studies whether the government has implemented any of these interventions. This study summarized current policies that contributed to CA, and revealed the factors impacting the development of the CA. Then, taking a case of Liaozhong County, itdemonstrated the importance of the training for farmers through the comparison of agricultural management between the farmers who recognize their farming as being CA (hereafter, circular farmers) and those of other farmers (hereafter, non-circular farmers). The household data were collected from six out of the 15 towns in the county in 2014. The total number of surveyed households was 525, of which 495 were considered valid for the management analysis. Collected data indicated 281 of the total 495 farmers produced corn, followed by rice, whole vegetables, and tomato. Theresults showed that the proportion of circular farmers using manure (38%) was obviously higher than that of non-circular farmers (6%). The proportion of corn farmers using chemical fertilizer (90%) was smaller than that of non-circular farmers (98%). On the other hand, the proportion of circular farmers who use chemical fertilizer for rice, vegetables, and tomatoes was higher than that of non-circular farmers.The U-stat and mode of each commodity indicated that circular farmers used less manure and similar amounts of chemical fertilizer than non-circular farmers. Circular farmers′ production value of corn was significantly higher than that of non-circular farmers. However, as mentioned above, chemical fertilizer was used by many circular farmers and its quantity was not significantly different from that used by non-circular farmers. This was not consistent with the goal of the government. Thus, to enhance CA, specific technical training or information services would be more important than simple advertisements.