西南民族地区农业资源开发的优势及其模式研究

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION IN SOUTHWEST ETHNIC AREAS

关键词:  西南地区 农业资源 可持续发展 评价 开发利用

Key words:  Southwest China  agricultural resources sustainable development evaluation development and utilization

摘要:

欠发达的西南民族地区，拥有相似的地理资源条件，又承担着保护长江上游生态的重要使命。但由于经济落后，农业发展止步不前，因此，合理有效地开发农业资源是拉动民族地区经济增长，实现农业可持续发展重要途径。文章综述了西南民族地区的农业经济的发展特征，介绍了西南民族地区发展农业的自然资源与农业政策等优势，阐述了适合西南民族地区的农业发展模式，如：自然资源型开发模式、龙头企业加工型开发模式、产业文化型开发模式、垂直立体农业模式、水平而立体农业模式等5种模式。最后从构建农业可持续发展体系； 加强农业资源综合管理力度； 建立政府主导的多元化农业技术推广体系； 加大对西南民族地区农民培训力度； 调整农业内部结构，发展特色农业、加快农业产业化进程，促进民族地区农业可持续发展等方面提出了西南民族地区农业可持续发展对策措施。

Abstract:

The underdeveloped southwest ethnic minority areas have similar geographic resources, and undertake the important mission to protect the upper reaches of the Yangtze River ecology. However, owing to the backward economic level, agricultural development is stalled.Therefore, reasonable and effective development of agricultural resources is the main method to drive national economic growth, and achieve sustainable development of agriculture. This paper reviewed the development characteristics of the agricultural economy in southwest ethnic areas, introduced the advantages of natural resources and agricultural policies, and expounded the suitable development mode of agriculture in the southwest ethnic areas, such as natural resource-based development model, enterprises processing development model, industrial and cultural development model, vertical three-dimensional agriculture model, the level and standing off agriculture mode. Finally, it proposed some suggestions for the sustainable development of agriculture in ethnic areas, such as building a system for sustainable agricultural development, strengthening agricultural resources management, building the diversified agricultural technology extension system, increasing the farmers′ training efforts in the southwest minority areas, developing characteristic agriculture, and accelerating agricultural industrialization.