基于村落重生的乡村旅游建设适应性设计探讨

ADAPTABILITY DESIGN ON THE OF RURAL TOURISM BASED ON VILLAGE RECONSTRUCTION

关键词:  乡村旅游 农村经济 村落重生 适应性设计 乡村建设实验

Key words:  rural tourism  village reconstruction  adaptability design  modern village construction

摘要:

村落衰落是社会发展规律中的一个必然阶段，现代经济模式对传统村落的冲击，使乡村发展需要一种转型。旅游开发作为现代乡村建设的热门领域，不仅能带动乡村经济，也是村落重生的契机； 但国内20余年的乡村旅游建设在发展的过程中亦产生了有利有弊的影响。文章分析国内旅游业介入乡村建设后产生的问题与矛盾及其矛盾产生的根本原因。运用建筑工业研究领域中的“适应性设计”概念，提出乡村建设的“适应性设计”策略，通过探讨“如何取舍”及“适应性设计的分析步骤”，总结乡村低破坏性更新与可持续化建设的方法策略。通过借鉴目前国内较成功的乡村建设实验基地与国外乡村休闲旅游的发展经验，提炼出具体的解决策略与适应性设计原则。主要结论有：乡村旅游建设应以村落传统物质形态为基础； 通过“新媒介”融合乡土文化和商业文化； 旅游活动应回归最简单的乡村生活。并将研究经验在芬水村乡改实验中运用而生，提出乡村旅游适应性建设构想。

Abstract:

The decline of village is an inevitable phase in the period of social development.Therefore, it is necessary to transfer the traditional industry development including social formation,industry model and spatial structure. The rural tourism,as one of the popular industry models, not only promotes the rural economic development but also becomes the opportunity of village renewal. However, during the past 20 years,the rural tourism had both the positive and negative influences. This paper discussed the problems and contradictions after the domestic tourism getting involved the rural construction, summarized the primary causes, put forward the concept of "adaptability design" of rural reconstruction, which often used in the field of architecture and industry, and concluded the specific methods for the rural reconstruction and sustainable development by discussing the question of "How to choose" and "What are the analytic steps of the adaptability". And then, it put forward the countermeasures and design regulations by referring the national outstanding rural construction experiment bases and the development experience of abroad rural recreational tourism. Finally, the above methods were used in arural reconstruction experiment base,Fenshui village, Shigutang town of Guangdong province, and some specific ideas of rural tourism industry were proposed.